Recurrence of Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis after Liver Transplantation: Current Evidence and Clinical Implications.

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are progressive cholestatic autoimmune liver diseases, characterized by the destruction of intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic bile ducts, leading to cirrhosis and liver failure. They remain major indications for liver transplantation (LT), and together, PBC and PSC account for approximately 10% to 15% of LT in North America and Europe. While clinical outcomes are generally favorable after LT, the recurrence of PBC and PSC remains a significant challenge. Reported recurrence rates of PBC and PSC after LT range from 17% to 46% and 10% to 37% of recipients, respectively.