[Headache and Vertigo].

Headache is one of the most common symptoms in clinical practice. Classification and diagnosis of headache are based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) published by the International Headache Society. Currently, the third edition of the International Headache Classification (ICHD-3) -published in 2018- is used for headache medical treatment. In the ICHD-3, headaches are classified as part 1 "the primary headaches," part 2 "the secondary headaches," or part 3 "painful cranial neuropathies, other facial pain and other headaches." Primary headaches, also called chronic headaches, include migraines, tension-type headaches, and cluster headaches. There are no useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of primary headaches. Failing to confirm certain diagnostic criteria during the patient interview may result in headache misdiagnosis. A 45-year-old male presented with what was initially considered a tension headache. He exhibited a bilateral and non-pulsating headache, but was later diagnosed with a migraine headache. We will review this case in order to better illustrate pitfalls for the medical treatment of headache.