Journal of ethnopharmacology · 2025
Hydrogen sulfide-mediated cardiovascular protection involved in the antihypertensive effect of the saiga antelope horn.
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Li Miao, Mao Hongyun, Hua Yongqing, Wang Linxia, Wu Wenxing, Zhao Xinyue, Mo Shaoqin, Li Lingling, Zheng Jie, Liu Rui, Hong Min, Duan Jin-Ao
Аннотация
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Saiga antelope horn (SAH), derived from the male Saiga tatarica Linnaeus, has been used in China for millennia to treat hyperpyretic convulsions and hypertension-related diseases. Clarifying its effectiveness and mechanism of action are essential because of its limited availability. This study will guide the investigation of alternative resources.
AIM OF THE STUDY: The study investigated the short- and long-term antihypertensive effectiveness of SAH in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and the relation of its mechanism of action to H2S (hydrogen sulfide), other reactive sulfur species (RSS), and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the SHR model, blood pressure was independently monitored by the tail-cuff method and carotid artery intubation. Hypertension was assessed weekly by physical signs, including facial temperature, irritability, pain, rotation time, and water consumption. The effects of SAH on the RAAS, vasoactive substances, and sympathetic neurotransmitters were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and colorimetry on study completion. Transcriptomics detected differentially expressed mRNAs and enriched signaling pathways in thoracic aorta tissue. H2S was measured in the mesenteric arteries and thoracic aorta by probe staining and PbS detection. H2S and other RSS were measured in intestinal tissue by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The correlation of the antihypertensive activity of SAH with H2S was tested with DL-propargylglycine (PAG), a cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) inhibitor. SAH organ protection was evaluated by histopathologic staining of artery, heart, and kidney tissue.
RESULTS: SAH had significant short- and long-term effectiveness. It improved symptom scores and regulated RAAS, vasoactive substances, and sympathetic neurotransmitters. Transcriptomes of thoracic aorta tissue found differentially expressed genes following SAH treatment. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment found that those genes were enriched in calcium, oxidative phosphorylation, and aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption and were involved in the regulation of the biosynthesis and metabolism of sulfur compounds and thioesters. SAH significantly increased H2S levels in arterial and intestinal tissue, and its antihypertensive activity was abolished by PAG treatment. SAH improved lesions and reduced collagen deposition in the kidneys, heart, and arteries in SHRs.
CONCLUSION: SAH had significant antihypertensive activity and protected against organ damage by regulating the metabolism of H2S and other active sulfur and reactive oxygen species.
AIM OF THE STUDY: The study investigated the short- and long-term antihypertensive effectiveness of SAH in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and the relation of its mechanism of action to H2S (hydrogen sulfide), other reactive sulfur species (RSS), and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the SHR model, blood pressure was independently monitored by the tail-cuff method and carotid artery intubation. Hypertension was assessed weekly by physical signs, including facial temperature, irritability, pain, rotation time, and water consumption. The effects of SAH on the RAAS, vasoactive substances, and sympathetic neurotransmitters were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and colorimetry on study completion. Transcriptomics detected differentially expressed mRNAs and enriched signaling pathways in thoracic aorta tissue. H2S was measured in the mesenteric arteries and thoracic aorta by probe staining and PbS detection. H2S and other RSS were measured in intestinal tissue by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The correlation of the antihypertensive activity of SAH with H2S was tested with DL-propargylglycine (PAG), a cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) inhibitor. SAH organ protection was evaluated by histopathologic staining of artery, heart, and kidney tissue.
RESULTS: SAH had significant short- and long-term effectiveness. It improved symptom scores and regulated RAAS, vasoactive substances, and sympathetic neurotransmitters. Transcriptomes of thoracic aorta tissue found differentially expressed genes following SAH treatment. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment found that those genes were enriched in calcium, oxidative phosphorylation, and aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption and were involved in the regulation of the biosynthesis and metabolism of sulfur compounds and thioesters. SAH significantly increased H2S levels in arterial and intestinal tissue, and its antihypertensive activity was abolished by PAG treatment. SAH improved lesions and reduced collagen deposition in the kidneys, heart, and arteries in SHRs.
CONCLUSION: SAH had significant antihypertensive activity and protected against organ damage by regulating the metabolism of H2S and other active sulfur and reactive oxygen species.