Urinothorax: A case report.

Urinothorax is a rare pleural effusion resulting from urine accumulation in the pleural space, commonly secondary to obstructive uropathy, surgical injury, or trauma. This case presents a 60-year-old female with renal calculi presenting preoperatively for elective cystoscopy and lithotripsy who endorsed chest discomfort and hypoxia was found to have a left chest mass, ultimately diagnosed as a large urinothorax. This case reviews the causes of urinothorax, its treatments, and its anesthetic implications.