Juvenile xanthogranuloma of larynx and trachea, case report of a life-threatening condition.

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a rare benign histiocytic disorder, typically affecting the skin of infants and young children. Extracutaneous manifestations are uncommon, and laryngeal involvement is exceedingly rare but potentially life-threatening. We report the case of a young girl with a one-year history of dysphonia and dyspnea. Laryngoscopy revealed a JXG of the left vocal fold which was endoscopically removed. The patient remains to this date symptom-free without recurrence. Only eleven cases of upper airway or tracheal JXG have been published so far. Therapeutic strategies range from tracheostomy to endoscopic excision. Our case underscores the risks of airway obstruction in this otherwise benign condition. It provides guidance for general management and highlights the importance of complete resection and close follow-up, given the notable risk of recurrence.