Global Dispersal Pattern of HIV Type 1 Subtype CRF01_AE: A Genetic Trace of Human Mobility Related to Heterosexual Sexual Activities Centralized in Southeast Asia.
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Angelis Konstantinos, Albert Jan, Mamais Ioannis, Magiorkinis Gkikas, Hatzakis Angelos, Hamouda Osamah, Struck Daniel, Vercauteren Jurgen, Wensing Annemarie M J, Alexiev Ivailo, Åsjö Birgitta, Balotta Claudia, Camacho Ricardo J, Coughlan Suzie, Griskevicius Algirdas, Grossman Zehava, Horban Andrzej, Kostrikis Leondios G, Lepej Snjezana, Liitsola Kirsi, Linka Marek, Nielsen Claus, Otelea Dan, Paredes Roger, Poljak Mario, Puchhammer-Stöckl Elisabeth, Schmit Jean-Claude, Sönnerborg Anders, Staneková Danica, Stanojevic Maja, Boucher Charles A B, Kaplan Lauren, Vandamme Anne-Mieke, Paraskevis Dimitrios
Аннотация
METHODS: We assembled a global data set of 2736 CRF01_AE sequences by pooling sequences from public databases and patient-cohort studies. We estimated viral dispersal patterns, using statistical phylogeographic analysis run over bootstrap trees estimated by the maximum likelihood method.
RESULTS: We show that Thailand has been the source of viral dispersal to most areas worldwide, including 17 of 20 sampled countries in Europe. Japan, Singapore, Vietnam, and other Asian countries have played a secondary role in the viral dissemination. In contrast, China and Taiwan have mainly imported strains from neighboring Asian countries, North America, and Africa without any significant viral exportation.
DISCUSSION: The central role of Thailand in the global spread of CRF01_AE can be probably explained by the popularity of Thailand as a vacation destination characterized by sex tourism and by Thai emigration to the Western world. Our study highlights the unique case of CRF01_AE, the only globally distributed non-B clade whose global dispersal did not originate in Africa.