Amblyopia screening for first and second-grade children in Jordan.
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Al-Salem Khalil M, Saleem Mohammad S, Ereifej Ismat, Alrawashdeh Hamzeh M, Obeidat Rayed Falah Hussein, Abdlmohdi Asma Ali, Al-Momani Raeda Zaki, Hammad Layal Mohammed, Al-Habahbeh Omar Ahmad, Assassfeh Yaqeen M, Al-Qsous Laith Ramzi Najib, Nasraween Ashraf Hatim Adeeb, AlMaaitah Tariq A, Aqeel Deya'-Aldin Muneer Hasan, Alabdulrazzg Ibtehal Eyadeh Awad, Murad Abdullah Mahmoud Mohammad, Al-Zurqan Amany Jehad Faleh, Jaradat Enas Jamal Mohammad, Aldhoon Slsabela Emad Suliman, Dmour Ala'a Majed, Asassfeh Ahmad Talal, Halaseh Jeries Ayman, Daoud Abdel Aziz Ammar, Alkasasbeh Waha Ayman, Matar Kholoud Gh
Аннотация
METHODS: This is a prospective national screening study for amblyopia. The program rolls first and second-grade children (6 to 7 years old) in the north of Jordan. The eye examination included: best-corrected visual acuity, cover-uncover test, and cycloplegic retinoscopy. Monocular visual acuity was tested using an ETDRS visual acuity chart without correction. Moreover, children were tested with full cycloplegic refraction when the test criteria were met. Unilateral amblyopia was defined as a best-corrected visual acuity difference of 2 or more lines. In comparison, bilateral amblyopia was defined as a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or worse in the best eye.
RESULTS: The prevalence of amblyopia for the total sample tested (n=17 203) was 2.78% (n=479). The most common cause of amblyopia was hypermetropia (64.45%), followed by previous ocular surgeries (15.1%), myopia (10.43%), strabismus (9.39%), and congenital cataract (0.63%).
CONCLUSION: This is the first and only study, identifing modifiable risk factors in Jordanian children with amblyopia. In their first couple of years of elementary education, many Jordanian children are affected by amblyopia and pass unnoticed. A more governmental effort is needed into screening programs to improve vision in the Jordanian population.