Does fact-checking COVID-19 fake news on social media correct readers' false beliefs? A study of Chinese youths.

OBJECTIVE

To examine whether fact-checking COVID-19 fake news on social media corrects false beliefs among Chinese youths, and identifies factors influencing its effectiveness.

METHODS

We conducted an experiment with 660 Chinese university students to compare the impact of exposure and no exposure to fact-checking on correcting misconceptions in the context of fake COVID-19 news.

RESULTS

Fact-checking significantly reduced belief in fake COVID-19 news among Chinese youths, particularly among those who initially believed it or were uncertain. In the absence of fact-checking, beliefs remained unchanged. Young people who perceived the negative impact of fake news on themselves were more receptive to fact-checking, enhancing its effectiveness.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the need to tailor fact-checking strategies to audience perceptions, showing that addressing perceived harm on themselves from fake news can boost acceptance of corrections. By examining fact-checking in a non-Western context, it deepens understanding of how cultural and situational factors influence the effectiveness of combating fake news.