Nanoperlite Particles Enhance Fibrogenesis in Thyroid Orbital Fibroblasts: A Potential Activated Cell Source for Ocular Tissue Engineering.

Fibroblasts are crucial in tissue engineering because of their ability to synthesize the extracellular matrix (ECM) and secrete growth factors. Orbital fibroblasts (OFs) from patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) exhibit enhanced fibroblastic properties, making them ideal candidates for regenerative medicine in ocular tissue. In the present study, we investigated the effect of nanoperlite on TED OFs. Nanoperlite, with its unique properties including high silica (SiO2) content, holds promise for enhancing fibroblast functions. Nanoperlite was prepared and characterized in terms of particle size and chemical composition. A sample of orbital adipose tissue was taken from a TED patient during orbital decompression surgery and OFs were expanded in vitro. The cells were then treated with nanoperlite at concentrations of 1 and 10 μg/mL for 24 h, and gene expression related to the fibrogenesis process was assessed using real-time PCR. Nanoperlite at 1 μg/mL significantly increased the expression of TGF-β, CD90, α-SMA, ZEB1, β-Catenin, and Snail genes in OFs. However, at 10 μg/mL, this effect was not observed. This study highlights nanoperlite's potential to enhance fibroblast activity specifically at the concentration of 1 μg/mL. This effect can potentially aid tissue engineering strategy for periorbital tissue repair and eyelid reconstruction. However, further research is needed to fully elucidate its therapeutic potential and safety profile.