[Vertigo and oculomotor disorders: diagnosis, anatomical classification and etiology].

Dizziness and vertigo are frequent leading symptoms also in the ophthalmological practice and hospitals. They require a structured clinically oriented diagnostic approach. This article provides a practical approach based on a focused history taking using four key questions as well as a systematic examination of ocular motility (four static and four dynamic tests) and four tests assessing the vestibular system. The focus is on differentiating peripheral from central causes through structured history taking and clinical examination. In addition, the functional anatomy of the brainstem and cerebellum is outlined to enable clinically relevant topographic localization of ocular motor findings.