Expression of Clara cell 10-kDa protein and trefoil factor family 1 in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps.

The current study measured the expression of Clara cell 10-kDa protein (CC10) and trefoil factor family 1 (TFF1) in the sinus mucosa of patients exhibiting chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and nasal polyps (NP). CC10 and TFF1 expression in the sinus mucosa of the control group and patients with CRS and NP was determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The correlation between CC10 and TFF1 expression was further analyzed using Spearman's correlation analysis. The expression of TFF1 was significantly increased in the sinus mucosa of patients with CRS and NP, whereas CC10 expression was significantly decreased compared with controls. Spearman's correlation analysis identified a negative correlation between CC10 and TFF1 expression in the sinus mucosa of patients with CRS and NP. The results of immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR were consistent with each other. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed notable lesions in the mucous membranes, goblet cells and cilia of sinus mucosa samples from patients with CRS and NP. The negative correlation between CC10 and TFF1 expression during the progression of CRS and NP suggest that CC10 and TFF1 may serve important roles in its pathogenesis.