Laplanche and Loewald: Faithful and Unfaithful to Freud.

This paper presents a comparative and epistemologically grounded examination of the psychoanalytic theories of Hans W. Loewald and Jean Laplanche, focusing on their respective engagements with Freud and their shared departure from developmental and biologically reductive models. The article argues that both authors elaborate a psychoanalytic anthropology concerned with the emergence of psychic life through binding processes, relational asymmetry, and meaning-making. Central to the discussion is their critique of the primacy of the death drive and their reformulation of psychic organization through Eros (Loewald) and the activity of translation (Laplanche). Particular attention is given to their reinterpretations of the Oedipus complex as an anthropological and cultural construction, articulated through myths and social narratives, rather than as a universal intrapsychic or phylogenetic organizer. The paper also examines the analytic relationship as a reactivation, at a higher level of complexity, of foundational conditions for psychic emergence.