Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2026
The Japanese Translation Study of the Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire.
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Katayama Osamu, Yamaguchi Ryo, Yamagiwa Daiki, Akaida Shoma, Shimoda Takahiro, Nakajima Chika, Kawakami Ayuka, Harada Kenji, Nakakubo Sho, Sakimoto Fumio, Matsuda Soichiro, Nishijima Chiharu, Nosaka Shinnosuke, Abe Kanon, Morikawa Masanori, Kakita Daisuke, Okuya Takuto, Soma Kazuki, Hirano Yuma, Nakashima Yuto, Shimada Hiroyuki
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The cognitive reserve index questionnaire (CRIq) is widely used to quantify cognitive reserve (CR), but a validated Japanese version is lacking. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the CRIq and its short version (s-CRIq) into Japanese (CRIq-J and sCRIq-J) and to evaluate their reliability and criterion-related validity.
METHODS: Following international guidelines for cultural adaptation and translation, we translated and culturally adapted the CRIq and s-CRIq into Japanese. The study participants were 3567 community-dwelling Japanese older adults from a large-scale cohort. Global cognitive performance was assessed with the composite score of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Functional Assessment Tool and global cognitive impairment (GCI) was defined as a mini-mental state examination score ≤ 23. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Multiple and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations between CRIq-J and sCRIq-J total scores and global cognitive performance, including GCI.
RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.58 for the CRIq-J and 0.48 for the sCRIq-J, reflecting the multidimensional nature of life-course experiences. After adjusting for age and sex, higher scores on both the CRIq-J (β = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.18-0.24, p < 0.001) and sCRIq-J (β = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.17-0.25, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with superior cognitive performance. Furthermore, higher CRI levels were associated with a significantly lower likelihood of GCI.
CONCLUSIONS: The CRIq-J and sCRIq-J demonstrated acceptable reliability and robust criterion-related validity in a Japanese population. These standardized tools represent a significant milestone for future CR research and the development of dementia prevention strategies in Japan.
METHODS: Following international guidelines for cultural adaptation and translation, we translated and culturally adapted the CRIq and s-CRIq into Japanese. The study participants were 3567 community-dwelling Japanese older adults from a large-scale cohort. Global cognitive performance was assessed with the composite score of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Functional Assessment Tool and global cognitive impairment (GCI) was defined as a mini-mental state examination score ≤ 23. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Multiple and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations between CRIq-J and sCRIq-J total scores and global cognitive performance, including GCI.
RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.58 for the CRIq-J and 0.48 for the sCRIq-J, reflecting the multidimensional nature of life-course experiences. After adjusting for age and sex, higher scores on both the CRIq-J (β = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.18-0.24, p < 0.001) and sCRIq-J (β = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.17-0.25, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with superior cognitive performance. Furthermore, higher CRI levels were associated with a significantly lower likelihood of GCI.
CONCLUSIONS: The CRIq-J and sCRIq-J demonstrated acceptable reliability and robust criterion-related validity in a Japanese population. These standardized tools represent a significant milestone for future CR research and the development of dementia prevention strategies in Japan.