Azithromycin resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella from food-producing animals and meat in Europe.
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Ivanova Mirena, Ovsepian Armen, Leekitcharoenphon Pimlapas, Seyfarth Anne Mette, Mordhorst Hanne, Otani Saria, Koeberl-Jelovcan Sandra, Milanov Mihail, Kompes Gordan, Liapi Maria, Černý Tomáš, Vester Camilla Thougaard, Perrin-Guyomard Agnès, Hammerl Jens A, Grobbel Mirjam, Valkanou Eleni, Jánosi Szilárd, Slowey Rosemarie, Alba Patricia, Carfora Virginia, Avsejenko Jelena, Pereckiene Asta, Claude Dominique, Zerafa Renato, Veldman Kees T, Boland Cécile, Garcia-Graells Cristina, Wattiau Pierre, Butaye Patrick, Zając Magdalena, Amaro Ana, Clemente Lurdes, Vaduva Angela M, Romascu Luminita-Maria, Milita Nicoleta-Manuela, Mojžišová Andrea, Zdovc Irena, Escribano Maria Jesús Zamora, De Frutos Escobar Cristina, Overesch Gudrun, Teale Christopher, Loneragan Guy H, Guerra Beatriz, Beloeil Pierre Alexandre, Brown Amanda M V, Hendriksen Rene S, Bortolaia Valeria, Kjeldgaard Jette Sejer
Аннотация
METHODS: WGS data of 1007 E. coli [165 azithromycin resistant (MIC > 16 mg/L)] and 269 Salmonella [29 azithromycin resistant (MIC > 16 mg/L)] were screened for acquired macrolide resistance genes and mutations in rplDV, 23S rRNA and acrB genes using ResFinder v4.0, AMRFinder Plus and custom scripts. Genotype-phenotype concordance was determined for all isolates. Transferability of mef(C)-mph(G)-carrying plasmids was assessed by conjugation experiments.
RESULTS: mph(A), mph(B), mef(B), erm(B) and mef(C)-mph(G) were detected in E. coli and Salmonella, whereas erm(C), erm(42), ere(A) and mph(E)-msr(E) were detected in E. coli only. The presence of macrolide resistance genes, alone or in combination, was concordant with the azithromycin-resistant phenotype in 69% of isolates. Distinct mph(A) operon structures were observed in azithromycin-susceptible (n = 50) and -resistant (n = 136) isolates. mef(C)-mph(G) were detected in porcine and bovine E. coli and in porcine Salmonella enterica serovar Derby and Salmonella enterica 1,4, [5],12:i:-, flanked downstream by ISCR2 or TnAs1 and associated with IncIγ and IncFII plasmids.
CONCLUSIONS: Diverse azithromycin resistance genes were detected in E. coli and Salmonella from food-producing animals and meat in Europe. Azithromycin resistance genes mef(C)-mph(G) and erm(42) appear to be emerging primarily in porcine E. coli isolates. The identification of distinct mph(A) operon structures in susceptible and resistant isolates increases the predictive power of WGS-based methods for in silico detection of azithromycin resistance in Enterobacterales.