Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants With Sarcoid-Like Pulmonary Lesions Triggered by Silicone Implant Rupture and Improved After Explantation.

Silicone implants can trigger adjuvant-induced autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome (ASIA). We present a 53-year-old woman who had undergone bilateral intramuscular silicone breast implantation at X-24 years. Following implant rupture at X year, she developed cough, fatigue, and arthralgia, accompanied by worsening sarcoid-like pulmonary lesions. After implant removal, her clinical symptoms and radiological findings improved. Histopathological examination findings identified foreign-body granulomas, fulfilling diagnostic criteria for ASIA. This case suggests that silicone leakage after implant rupture, rather than the duration of exposure, is a critical factor in disease development and progression. The sarcoid-like pulmonary lesions in this case may represent a sarcoid-like granulomatous reaction triggered by silicone exposure in the setting of ASIA, rather than true systemic sarcoidosis. Early implant removal appears beneficial for both the diagnosis and treatment of ASIA.