Review of research on pulmonary cysts in sjögren's syndrome.

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease mainly involving exocrine glands and particularly affecting the salivary glands and lacrimal glands, thus inducing a dry mouth and dry eyes. Extraglandular organs are also involved in SS, and this results in damage to multiple systems. Among these, lung damage is more common, with high morbidity and mortality rates, and the lack of typical symptoms in the early stages makes it challenging to identify it. The main pulmonary manifestations of SS are bronchitis, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary cysts, pulmonary amyloidosis, interstitial pneumonia, and pulmonary fibrosis. Cystic lung disease affects about 4-46.2% of patients with SS. The imaging characteristics of pulmonary cysts in SS, including the size, number, morphology, and distribution, as well as differential diagnosis, mechanisms underlying the formation of pulmonary cysts, and current treatment strategies, are presented in this review.