Rupture of Renal Pelvis: A Case Report and Literature Review of a Rare Complication of Ureteral Lithiasis.

INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous rupture of the renal pelvis with urinary extravasation due to ureteral lithiasis is an uncommon entity, and it presents both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, necessitating a systematic approach for diagnosis confirmation, treatment, and follow-up. Case Presentation and Review of the Literature: This article concerns a case of a 45-year-old male with acute left renal pain. Computed Tomography revealed renal pelvis rupture with perirenal urinary extravasation due to a 3 mm calculus located at the right ureterovesical junction. The patient was successfully managed with the insertion of a percutaneous nephrostomy and a drainage tube in the urinoma. A follow-up CT nephrostomography demonstrated complete healing of the renal pelvis, with no residual extravasation, while no evidence of the obstructing calculus was identified.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The incidence of renal pelvis rupture due to urolithiasis is rare and warrants heightened suspicion by the urologist for prompt diagnosis and appropriate management.