Management of graves myopathy: Understanding and managing vertical strabismus from thyroid eye disease.

This step-by-step approach to the evaluation and treatment of vertical strabismus from thyroid eye disease addresses (1) the diverse causes of late overcorrection after inferior rectus recession and methods to minimize its occurrence; (2) when to consider unilateral versus bilateral inferior rectus surgery; (3) management of A patterns associated with bilateral inferior rectus recessions; and (4) sensorimotor clues, including torsional features, which indicate excessive superior rectus or superior oblique tone and should be considered in the surgical plan.