Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026
Association between probiotic prescriptions and the incidence of primary open-angle glaucoma in patients with documented dry eye.
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Tsai Chien-Yun, Weng Chien-Hsiang, Sheen Yi Jing, Chen Jun-Peng, Chen Hsian-Min, Tsai Ching-Yao, Wang I-Jong, Chou Chien-Chih
Аннотация
PURPOSE: To examine the association between probiotic prescriptions and the risk of developing primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX multinational database. Adults aged ≥ 40 years with a diagnosis of dry eye and no prior history of glaucoma were included. Participants were categorized into probiotic and non-probiotic groups based on prescription records. Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed to balance demographics, comorbidities, and medication use. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and Kaplan-Meier analyses assessed five-year cumulative incidence. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to examine robustness and consistency across clinical subgroups.
RESULTS: Among 15,613 matched pairs, probiotic prescriptions were associated with lower risks of POAG (HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.32-0.61). These associations remained consistent in sensitivity analyses and were observed across multiple subgroups stratified by age, sex, race, diabetes status, and obesity.
CONCLUSIONS: Probiotic prescriptions were associated with a reduced risk of POAG in this large real-world cohort. These findings highlight the need for prospective studies to confirm causality and explore underlying mechanisms.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX multinational database. Adults aged ≥ 40 years with a diagnosis of dry eye and no prior history of glaucoma were included. Participants were categorized into probiotic and non-probiotic groups based on prescription records. Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed to balance demographics, comorbidities, and medication use. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and Kaplan-Meier analyses assessed five-year cumulative incidence. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to examine robustness and consistency across clinical subgroups.
RESULTS: Among 15,613 matched pairs, probiotic prescriptions were associated with lower risks of POAG (HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.32-0.61). These associations remained consistent in sensitivity analyses and were observed across multiple subgroups stratified by age, sex, race, diabetes status, and obesity.
CONCLUSIONS: Probiotic prescriptions were associated with a reduced risk of POAG in this large real-world cohort. These findings highlight the need for prospective studies to confirm causality and explore underlying mechanisms.