Severe Infectious Keratitis Among Inpatients at an Emergency Tertiary Hospital Ophthalmology Department in France: Associations Between Known Predisposing Factors and Patient Demographic, Clinical, and Microbiological Characteristics.

OBJECTIVES

Describe the epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological patterns in severe infectious keratitis (IK) and identify variables associated with known risk factors.

METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed inpatient hospitalizations for severe IK (2016-2021) in our tertiary emergency ophthalmology department (France). Chi-squared and Student's t-tests compared demographic, clinical, and microbiological variables according to the presence of known risk factors. Associations between known risk factors (model outcomes) and our chosen variables (predictors) were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.

RESULTS

A total of 861 participants were included (mean age 56 years, 50.3% female) among which 96.2% harbored ≥1 risk factor. Contact lens wear (32.2%) and ocular trauma (14.3%) were the most common risk factors. Contact lens wear-related IK was associated with female sex (adjOR2.91 [2.08-4.10]; P=0.0001) and younger age (56 years and younger) (adjOR7.81 [5.50-11.2]; P=0.0001), whereas ocular trauma-related IK was associated with male sex (adjOR4.55 [2.86-7.14]; P=0.0001) and younger age (adjOR1.65 [1.10-2.49]; P=0.017). Contact lens wear-related (adjOR1.97 [1.38-2.82], P=0.0002) and anterior segment surgery-related (adjOR1.74 [1.07-2.79]; P=0.02) IK were associated with summer admission. Contact lens wear was associated with gram-negative bacilli infection (adjOR4.32 [2.9-6.46]; P=0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

Prevention strategies are required for younger female contact lens users, patients undergoing anterior segment surgery in summer, and younger men with ocular trauma.