[New diagnostic possibilities in hand eczema].

BACKGROUND: Hand eczema is one of the most common inflammatory skin conditions and is of great significance both clinically and in terms of health economics. With a lifetime prevalence of up to 15%, it affects a significant portion of the population, particularly in occupational settings, where it is the most common work-related skin condition. The condition leads to a significant reduction in quality of life as well as considerable economic burdens. Diagnosis is complex due to its multifactorial etiology and variable clinical presentation.

METHODS: A structured literature search was conducted for publications on the diagnosis of hand eczema within the last 5 years.

RESULTS: A total of 32 publications were classified as relevant in terms of content: 7 guidelines or expert recommendations, 13 on biomarkers, 6 publications on dermoscopy and histological analyses, and 7 general descriptions of the current state of knowledge.

CONCLUSION: Current research shows significant progress: Molecular and immunological analyses enable more precise differentiation between subtypes and differential diagnoses such as psoriasis. Biomarkers, transcriptome analyses, and noninvasive methods such as tape stripping open up new diagnostic possibilities. Additionally, data-based approaches show potential for improved histological classification. Overall, there is a growing trend toward precision medicine diagnostics that go beyond purely clinical and morphological approaches. In the long term, these developments could enable more personalized treatment and better disease management.