The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India · 2019
Diagnostic Value of Low Platelets in Malaria.
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Varadaraj Sqn Ldr G, Tripathy Gp Capt Nk, Nithiya Devi R
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence of thrombocytopenia in adults with Plasmodium vivax infection.
METHOD: An observational study comprising 84 consenting individuals with Plasmodium vivax infection was undertaken. All the individuals belong to armed forces who are from different parts of the country. Everyone had normal platelet count prior to admission to the hospital. After admission, they were subjected to routine hematological and biochemical investigations comprising complete blood count including platelet counts, urine routine, liver function test, renal function test, serum electrolytes and Chest X-ray after ruling out Dengue, concomitant sepsis and possibility of recent viral infection. Grading of thrombocytopenia was done according to NCI common terminology criteria for adverse events Version 3.0. Results were analysed and tabulated.
RESULT: A total of 84 patients were studied. 82 (97.6%) patients had thrombocytopenia. Majority (68.3%) of the patients had their lowest platelet count on the 5th and 6th day of fever. There was no associated increase in risk of complication with the increase in grade of thrombocytopenia. But with increase in severity of thrombocytopenia, it took more time for the platelets to recover to normal level.
CONCLUSION: Thrombocytopenia is widely present in P. vivax malaria of adults. However, the severity of thrombocytopenia does not correlate with the likely progression to complication. The chance of progressing to complicated malaria is equal among all adults of P.vivax malaria irrespective of the platelet levels. Hence, in a resource limited rural Indian set-up where the expertise to diagnose and detect malaria microscopically or reliable antigen detection method is not available, thrombocytopenia in an acute febrile illness especially on Day 5 to Day 6 of fever onset could be considered as P. vivax malarial infection with good amount of diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity of 97.6%) and empirical anti-malarial therapy could be started as per the existing treatment guidelines.
METHOD: An observational study comprising 84 consenting individuals with Plasmodium vivax infection was undertaken. All the individuals belong to armed forces who are from different parts of the country. Everyone had normal platelet count prior to admission to the hospital. After admission, they were subjected to routine hematological and biochemical investigations comprising complete blood count including platelet counts, urine routine, liver function test, renal function test, serum electrolytes and Chest X-ray after ruling out Dengue, concomitant sepsis and possibility of recent viral infection. Grading of thrombocytopenia was done according to NCI common terminology criteria for adverse events Version 3.0. Results were analysed and tabulated.
RESULT: A total of 84 patients were studied. 82 (97.6%) patients had thrombocytopenia. Majority (68.3%) of the patients had their lowest platelet count on the 5th and 6th day of fever. There was no associated increase in risk of complication with the increase in grade of thrombocytopenia. But with increase in severity of thrombocytopenia, it took more time for the platelets to recover to normal level.
CONCLUSION: Thrombocytopenia is widely present in P. vivax malaria of adults. However, the severity of thrombocytopenia does not correlate with the likely progression to complication. The chance of progressing to complicated malaria is equal among all adults of P.vivax malaria irrespective of the platelet levels. Hence, in a resource limited rural Indian set-up where the expertise to diagnose and detect malaria microscopically or reliable antigen detection method is not available, thrombocytopenia in an acute febrile illness especially on Day 5 to Day 6 of fever onset could be considered as P. vivax malarial infection with good amount of diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity of 97.6%) and empirical anti-malarial therapy could be started as per the existing treatment guidelines.