Rodenticide ingestion is an important cause of acute hepatotoxicity in Tamil Nadu, southern India.
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Govindarajan Ramkumar, Ramamoorthy Ganesan, Shanmugam Revathy Marimuthu, Bavanandam Sumathi, Murugesan Manimaran, Shanmugam Chitra, Arumugam Aravind, Chellamuthu Vaishnavi Priyaa, Venkatraj Rajalakshmi Kandasamy, Sampathkumar Kavitha, Rejoice Poppy, Kumar Kandasamy Alias, Adamali Shafique, Mariappan Kannan, Rathnavel Ramani, Manivasagam Vijai Shankar Chidambara, Velusamy Arulselvan, Arumugam Senthilvadivu, Elikkottil Thasneem Taj, Dev Anand Vimal, Sen Mousumi, Palaniappan Alagammai, Dorairaj Allwin James, Kedarisetty Chandan Kumar, Venkataraman Jayanthi, Karthikeyan Mugilan, Somasundaram Aravindh, Ramakrishnan Arulraj, Madesh Vijaya Prakash, Varghese Joy, Anupa Dheeraj Kumar, Leelakrishnan Venkatakrishnan, Swaminathan Mukundan, Kantamaneni Ravindra, Dhus Jeyaraj Ubal, Murugan Natarajan, Natarajan Kartik, Selvi Caroline, Saithanyamurthi Hemamala V, Nadaraj Ambily, Jeyaseelan Lakshmanan, Eapen Chundamannil Eapen
Аннотация
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed acute hepatotoxicity caused by ingestion of hepatotoxin or potentially hepatotoxic drug overdose across 15 hospitals in 6 districts of Tamil Nadu from 1 January 2019 to 30 June 2019. Study exclusion criteria were idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury and chronic liver diseases.
RESULTS: Of the 702 patients, 685 gave history of consuming rodenticide; hepatotoxicity in the other patients resulted from paracetamol overdose (n=10) and due to other drugs (n=7); 97% patients had a suicidal intent. Of 671 patients with complete data, ratio of number of patients with hepatotoxicity due to rodenticide to paracetamol overdose was 450:6 (i.e. 75:1). The 451 rodenticidal hepatotoxicity patients (255 males, 75% were 15-34 years old) underwent conservative management (n=396), plasma exchange (n=54) and plasma exchange followed by liver transplant (n=1); 159 patients (35%) had poor outcome (131 died, 28 discharged in moribund state). Based on our observations, we estimate a case burden of 1584 rodenticidal hepatotoxicity patients (95% CI: 265-6119) with poor outcome in 554 patients in Tamil Nadu from January 2019 to June 2019. Population attributable risk for rodenticide as cause of hepatotoxicity was 22.7%.
CONCLUSION: Rodenticide ingestion was an important cause of acute hepatotoxicity in Tamil Nadu. Most patients were young and one-third had poor outcome. Public health interventions are needed to address this.