Contact dermatitis · 2015
The role of acrylic acid impurity as a sensitizing component in electrocardiogram electrodes.
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Stingeni Luca, Cerulli Emilia, Spalletti Anna, Mazzoli Alessandra, Rigano Luigi, Bianchi Leonardo, Hansel Katharina
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Allergic contact dermatitis caused by (meth)acrylates is well known, both in occupational and in non-occupational settings. Contact hypersensitivity to electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes containing (meth)acrylates is rarely reported.
OBJECTIVE: To report the first case of contact dermatitis caused by acrylic acid impurity in ECG electrodes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patch tests were performed with separate components of electrodes and some (meth)acrylates. This was followed by high-performance liquid chromatography of electrode hydrogel.
RESULTS: The patient was contact-allergic to electrode hydrogel but not to its separate constituents. Positive reactions were observed to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA), 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (2-HPMA) and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). Subsequent analysis showed that the electrode hydrogel contained acrylic acid as an impurity. The latter was subsequently patch tested, with a positive result.
CONCLUSION: The sensitization resulting from direct contact with ECG electrodes was caused by acrylic acid, present as an impurity in ECG electrodes. Positive reactions to 2-HEMA, 2-HPMA and EGDMA are considered to be cross-reactions.
OBJECTIVE: To report the first case of contact dermatitis caused by acrylic acid impurity in ECG electrodes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patch tests were performed with separate components of electrodes and some (meth)acrylates. This was followed by high-performance liquid chromatography of electrode hydrogel.
RESULTS: The patient was contact-allergic to electrode hydrogel but not to its separate constituents. Positive reactions were observed to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA), 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (2-HPMA) and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). Subsequent analysis showed that the electrode hydrogel contained acrylic acid as an impurity. The latter was subsequently patch tested, with a positive result.
CONCLUSION: The sensitization resulting from direct contact with ECG electrodes was caused by acrylic acid, present as an impurity in ECG electrodes. Positive reactions to 2-HEMA, 2-HPMA and EGDMA are considered to be cross-reactions.