Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics · 2026
Association Between Oseltamivir Timing and Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Children with Influenza: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
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Albohassan Hassan S, Jradi Nadia, Al Jabri Aida, AlThani Hussain, Ibrahim Muhammed, Alomran Mohammed Ali
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Influenza is one of the most common viruses causing an acute course illness, mainly targeting the respiratory system. It is a communicable disease that spreads easily between individuals and is usually self-limiting in most cases. However, complications of influenza are numerous, including secondary bacterial infections, exacerbation of underlying respiratory conditions, and central nervous system-related complications. The risk of influenza-related hospitalization and complications is increased in children younger than 5 years and in those with underlying chronic diseases. Three classes of antiviral therapy are used in the treatment of influenza: neuraminidase inhibitors, adamantanes, and inhibitors of influenza cap-dependent endonuclease. Oseltamivir is considered the mainstay therapy for influenza treatment.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the efficacy of early oseltamivir treatment compared to late treatment in improving recovery by reducing hospital length of stay and preventing influenza-related complications such as pneumonia, otitis media, and asthma exacerbations.
METHODOLOGY: This retrospective study analyzed data from 280 pediatric patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital between January 2020 and April 2023. Included patients were aged 1 month to 14 years, had laboratory-confirmed influenza A or B by polymerase chain reaction or point-of-care rapid testing, and received oseltamivir during hospitalization. Early oseltamivir treatment was defined as initiation within 48 hours of symptom onset, whereas initiation after 48 hours was considered late.
RESULTS: The study included 151 (53.9%) males and 129 (46.1%) females. Children who received early oseltamivir treatment had a significantly shorter hospital length of stay of approximately one day (∼16-19 hours) compared to those who started treatment after 48 hours [mean ± SD: 3.28 ± 1.46 vs 3.95 ± 2.26 days; P = 0.007]. A weak positive correlation was observed between time to oseltamivir initiation and hospital length of stay (r = 0.13, P = 0.02). Early treatment was associated with a significantly lower incidence of pneumonia, otitis media, and acute asthma exacerbation compared to late treatment (P < 0.05 for all).
CONCLUSION: Early initiation of oseltamivir within 48 hours is effective in reducing hospital length of stay and preventing common influenza-related complications.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the efficacy of early oseltamivir treatment compared to late treatment in improving recovery by reducing hospital length of stay and preventing influenza-related complications such as pneumonia, otitis media, and asthma exacerbations.
METHODOLOGY: This retrospective study analyzed data from 280 pediatric patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital between January 2020 and April 2023. Included patients were aged 1 month to 14 years, had laboratory-confirmed influenza A or B by polymerase chain reaction or point-of-care rapid testing, and received oseltamivir during hospitalization. Early oseltamivir treatment was defined as initiation within 48 hours of symptom onset, whereas initiation after 48 hours was considered late.
RESULTS: The study included 151 (53.9%) males and 129 (46.1%) females. Children who received early oseltamivir treatment had a significantly shorter hospital length of stay of approximately one day (∼16-19 hours) compared to those who started treatment after 48 hours [mean ± SD: 3.28 ± 1.46 vs 3.95 ± 2.26 days; P = 0.007]. A weak positive correlation was observed between time to oseltamivir initiation and hospital length of stay (r = 0.13, P = 0.02). Early treatment was associated with a significantly lower incidence of pneumonia, otitis media, and acute asthma exacerbation compared to late treatment (P < 0.05 for all).
CONCLUSION: Early initiation of oseltamivir within 48 hours is effective in reducing hospital length of stay and preventing common influenza-related complications.