Prognostic Value of Multimodal Imaging in Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Prospective Study from a North African Tertiary Center.

BACKGROUND AND

OBJECTIVE

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a major cause of visual impairment. This study aimed to assess the clinical features, multi-modal imaging findings, and prognostic factors of RVO in a Moroccan cohort.

PATIENTS AND

METHODS

This 24-month prospective study included 60 patients, comprising 19 patients having central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and 41 having branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Comprehensive ophthalmologic examination and multi-modal imaging were performed. Risk factors and visual outcomes were analyzed. Prognostic factors for poor visual outcome (≥ 1 logMAR) were identified.

RESULTS

Mean age was 61.9 years with male predominance. Hypertension (48.3%) and carotid stenosis (41.7%) were major risk factors, with carotid stenosis significantly associated with CRVO (odds ratio [OR] = 4.20; P = .039). Macular edema (80%) and ischemia (81.7%) were frequent. Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) (OR =16.47; P = 0.003) and external limiting membrane (ELM) disruption (O = 11.85; P = .010) independently predicted poor outcomes.

CONCLUSION

Multimodal imaging is essential for diagnosis and assessment of visual prognosis in RVO. Carotid stenosis is a significant CRVO risk factor. RAPD and ELM disruption predict poor prognosis.