Inflammatory myopathies with anti-TIF1γ antibodies and their association with neoplasms: a study of a series of 28 cases.

BACKGROUND AND

OBJECTIVE

To describe the clinical, immunological, and evolutionary profile of patients with anti-TIF1γ-positive inflammatory myopathy and to analyze its association with neoplasms.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

Retrospective study of patients with inflammatory myopathy and positive anti-TIF1γ antibodies treated at a tertiary care hospital (2012-2024). Sociodemographic variables, clinical manifestations, immunological profile, presence and type of neoplasm, treatment, and evolution were collected.

RESULTS

Twenty-eight patients were analyzed (mean age 63 years [31-88], 68% women). They were followed for a period of 5 years. Typical cutaneous manifestations predominated (61%), followed by proximal muscle weakness (61%) and dysphagia (32%), without significant pulmonary involvement. 54% presented with elevated CPK. ANA was positive in 71.4%; 57.1% presented myositis-associated antibodies and 25% other myositis-specific antibodies. Neoplasia was detected in 25%, mainly lung and ovary, with synchronous occurrence in more than half. The response to immunosuppressive treatment was favorable in 67.8%. Eight deaths were recorded, most within the first year.

CONCLUSIONS

Anti-TIF1γ positivity identifies an inflammatory myopathy with a high oncological risk that requires early screening and close follow-up, especially in the first 3years after diagnosis.