Clinical Use and Application of Neutropenic Diets for Patients With Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Dietitians in Australian Hospitals.

BACKGROUND

The neutropenic diet (ND) has historically been prescribed to reduce infection risk in immunocompromised patients with cancer, despite limited supporting evidence. This study aimed to evaluate current practices surrounding ND use in Australian hospitals.

METHODS

An online survey was distributed to dietitians working with hospitalised patients with cancer. The survey explored dietary practices, foods restricted, initiation and discontinuation criteria, and dietitians' perspectives on ND use.

RESULTS

Overall, 56% of responding dietitians reported that their hospitals prescribe an ND. Among these, there was broad consistency in the restriction of approximately 85% of foods, though considerable variation existed regarding criteria for ND initiation and discontinuation. Dietitians' personal views on ND use generally aligned with their hospital's practice (87.0%).

CONCLUSIONS

More than half of Australian hospitals surveyed continue to prescribe an ND, with general consistency in food restrictions but variation in initiation and discontinuation practices. These findings highlight the need for institutional review of ND practices and support the development of evidence-based food safety education to better guide dietary care for patients with cancer.