Erdosteine: Drug exhibiting polypharmacy for the treatment of respiratory diseases.

Mucoactive drugs are commonly used in the treatment of acute respiratory tract diseases, such as lower and acute respiratory infection and chronic bronchitis (CB) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in which an increased mucus secretion is one of main clinical features. Indeed these drugs are designed to promote secretion clearance and to specifically alter the viscoelastic properties of mucus, restoring an effective mucociliary clearance and reducing broncho-obstructive symptoms. In association with mucolytics, these patients frequently also receive antibiotics to reduce the bacterial load, thus decreasing the release of infectious and pro-inflammatory products. Erdosteine is one of the most used mucoactive agents for the treatment of several respiratory diseases where the overlap of bacterial infection is frequent. Although the effectiveness in the reducing mucus in acute and chronic respiratory disease has been demonstrated for others mucolytic, some of them when given in combination with an antibiotic therapy, could reduce the antibiotic efficacy in some situation. Differently, erdosteine potentiates the antibiotic effect when given in combination with antibiotics. We have reviewed the literature available on both clinical and in vitro studies that have investigated this effect of erdosteine on the effect of antibiotics when used as combined therapy.