Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Submucous Fibrosis.

This article explores the etiopathogenesis and clinical spectrum of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), with a focus on 3 high-risk entities: leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Oral cancer, predominantly squamous cell carcinoma, is strongly influenced by lifestyle habits such as tobacco use, betel nut chewing, and alcohol consumption. Leukoplakia, the most common OPMD, presents as a persistent white patch with variable potential for dysplasia. OSMF is a chronic, progressive fibrotic condition associated with areca nut use, leading to mucosal rigidity. The article emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, histopathological evaluation, management, and the reduction of oral cancer incidence.