A comprehensive review of the effects of Panax ginseng and its constituents against inflammatory diseases.

Unresolved inflammation can progress into severe diseases that need safer and more effective therapeutic strategies. The adverse effects of conventional anti-inflammatory agents have evoked interest in natural products as alternatives. Panax ginseng is a traditional medical herb famous for its diverse pharmacological properties. This review comprehensively discusses the anti-inflammatory effects of P. ginseng and its constituents against inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis, sepsis, gastritis, atopic dermatitis, acute lung disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. We summarize the therapeutic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of P. ginseng reported in studies published as of February 2025. Our review highlights the potential of P. ginseng as an anti-inflammatory agent or functional food that affects the interconnected disease network.