Targeting IL-4/IL-13 Signaling Pathways in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: From Mechanisms to Therapies.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common upper airway inflammatory disorder, characterized by persistent inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa and nasal polyp formation. The pivotal roles of interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 signaling in CRSwNP pathogenesis is increasingly recognized, evidenced by the remarkable clinical success of biologics targeting this pathway. This review provides a concise overview of the IL-4/IL-13 pathway in CRSwNP, encompassing its molecular architecture, pathogenic mechanisms, current targeted therapies, and emerging therapeutic strategies.