Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025
Narrating the psychoneuroimmunomodulatory properties of serotonin 5-HT2A receptor psychedelics from a transdiagnostic perspective.
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Thuery Guillaume, Sheridan Christopher, Iusan Patricia, Brar Gurjot, Ledden Kathryn, Freyne Aoife, Kelly John R, Harkin Andrew
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: By synthesising findings from both clinical and preclinical research, this review aims to provide an understanding of the interplay between 5-HT2A receptor psychedelics and the immune system and considers how their immunomodulatory effects associate with neuronal and behavioural changes.
METHODS: A PubMed literature search covering the past 30 years was conducted using keywords such as '5-HT2A receptor', 'psychedelics', 'immune system', and 'HPA axis'. Studies were included if they addressed the effects of 5-HT2AR psychedelics on immune function, neuroimmune interactions, or HPA axis involvement. This narrative review synthesises evidence highlighting the bi-directional effects of 5-HT2AR psychedelics between the immune and nervous systems, identified through this search process.
RESULTS: Preclinical and clinical studies report that 5-HT2AR psychedelics have some direct immunomodulatory properties with downregulation of gene regulators like NF-κB, and reduced cytokine expression such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β at a central and peripheral level, accompanied by modulation of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol. Direct immunomodulatory effects are mediated by pathways involving serotonin receptors, the Sigma-1 receptor, and the TrkB receptor. Immunomodulation is further mediated indirectly via the HPA axis.
CONCLUSION: Further studies will determine the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these immunomodulatory effects. There is growing interest in the potential of 5-HT2AR psychedelics for treating a range of mental health and brain disorders. In keeping with their immunomodulatory actions, the likely modulation of brain glia and glial-neuronal interaction remains to be determined, representing a promising direction of further research on the therapeutic potential of 5-HT2AR psychedelics.
METHODS: A PubMed literature search covering the past 30 years was conducted using keywords such as '5-HT2A receptor', 'psychedelics', 'immune system', and 'HPA axis'. Studies were included if they addressed the effects of 5-HT2AR psychedelics on immune function, neuroimmune interactions, or HPA axis involvement. This narrative review synthesises evidence highlighting the bi-directional effects of 5-HT2AR psychedelics between the immune and nervous systems, identified through this search process.
RESULTS: Preclinical and clinical studies report that 5-HT2AR psychedelics have some direct immunomodulatory properties with downregulation of gene regulators like NF-κB, and reduced cytokine expression such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β at a central and peripheral level, accompanied by modulation of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol. Direct immunomodulatory effects are mediated by pathways involving serotonin receptors, the Sigma-1 receptor, and the TrkB receptor. Immunomodulation is further mediated indirectly via the HPA axis.
CONCLUSION: Further studies will determine the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these immunomodulatory effects. There is growing interest in the potential of 5-HT2AR psychedelics for treating a range of mental health and brain disorders. In keeping with their immunomodulatory actions, the likely modulation of brain glia and glial-neuronal interaction remains to be determined, representing a promising direction of further research on the therapeutic potential of 5-HT2AR psychedelics.