Interventions to improve the psychosocial outcomes of individuals with lymphedema: a systematic review.

PURPOSE: Lymphedema is a common and enduring consequence of cancer treatment with substantial physical and psychosocial morbidity, yet research predominantly focuses on physical outcomes. This systematic review examines psychosocial interventions for individuals with lymphedema, describing the intervention characteristics, methodological quality, and strength of the evidence.

METHODS

A systematic literature search was conducted of studies published through November 2025. Empirical interventions with psychosocial components and outcomes for individuals with lymphedema were eligible. Methodological quality was assessed. Strength of the evidence was determined by combining quality with intervention effectiveness.

RESULTS

Ten studies met inclusion criteria, including mind-body (n = 3), education and support (n = 3), and physical activity (n = 4) intervention models, and most delivered following completion of decongestive therapy. Psychosocial outcomes included mental health (n = 8) and quality of life (n = 6). Methodological rigor was mixed, with MQRS scores ranging from 5-13 (of 14). Interventions delivered in combined in-clinic and remote settings demonstrated stronger evidence for improving mental health outcomes than either setting alone.

CONCLUSION

Few empirical evaluations exist targeting the psychosocial needs of individuals with lymphedema, particularly during intensive phases of decongestive therapy. Heterogeneity in intervention models, outcome measures, and treatment timing limits cross-study comparisons; however, hybrid delivery approaches show promise for improving psychosocial outcomes. Greater integration of psychosocial care across the lymphatic care continuum, supported by standardized outcome measures, may strengthen supportive care for individuals living with lymphedema.