The pathogenesis of the anaemia of chronic disorders.

Anemia of chronic disorders is a typical condition of infective, immunological and neoplastic diseases. Hepcidin and proinflammatory cytokines play a leading role in its pathogenesis. Hepcidin is a hormone produced by the liver that controls iron metabolism. It ensures that iron is retained by enterocytes (where the metal is absorbed) and by macrophages (that store the iron that results from the physiological breakdown of erythrocytes). Cytokines play a role in hepcidin synthesis, and in the proliferation and the maturation of the erythroid components within bone marrow. This paper discusses the pathogenetic mechanisms of anemia in chronic disorders.