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Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for autoinflammatory disorders.

The understanding of autoinflammatory disorders, which are caused by the dysregulated activation of the innate immune system, has improved with the discovery of new diseases and the expansion of phenotypes. Inflammation can be controlled using immunosuppressive drugs, biological agents, and molecular-targeted therapies. However, some cases remain refractory to treatment, and certain patients experience side effects associated with the long-term use of corticosteroids. Recently, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) was reported to improve symptoms in refractory cases. Based on th…

Polyomaviruses After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Polyomaviruses (PyVs) are non-enveloped double-stranded DNA viruses that can cause significant morbidity in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) recipients, particularly BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) and JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). BKPyV is primarily associated with hemorrhagic cystitis (HC), while JCPyV causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The pathogenesis of these diseases involves viral reactivation under immunosuppressive conditions, leading to replication in tissues such as the kidney, bladder, and central nervous system. BKPyV-HC presents as hematuria and

Автономная трансплантация стволовых клеток для многоразового склероза.

Множественный склероз (MS) — аутоиммунное, воспалительное и нейродегенеративное расстройство центральной нервной системы, которое, скорее всего, вызвано вирусом Эпштейн-Барр с автоматическими антителами, направленными против миелиновых антигенов, главным образом с помощью молекулярной имитации. У MS может быть курс релапсирующего излучения (RRMS) или может быть первичным прогрессивным. Доля пациентов может перерасти в вторичные прогрессивные заболевания с постепенным дебиляцией. Несмотря на то, что лечение MS по-прежнему является основным средством лечения заболеваний, многие пациенты по-прежн

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system, likely generated by an … ence disease activity and increased debilitation on these treatments. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT), although much less utilized, has emerged as an effective therapeutic option for DMT-resistant RRMS, offering sustained remission in most patients with RRMS, and preventing further debilitation with improvement in neurological outcomes. AHSC …

Clonal dynamics after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation.

Allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) replaces the stem cells responsible for blood production with those from a donor1,2. Here, to quantify dynamics of long-term stem cell engraftment, we sequenced genomes from 2,824 single-cell-derived haematopoietic colonies of ten donor-recipient pairs taken 9-31 years after HLA-matched sibling HCT3. With younger donors (18-47 years at transplant), 5,000-30,000 stem cells had engrafted and were still contributing to haematopoiesis at the time of sampling; estimates were tenfold lower with older donors (50-66 years). Engrafted cells made mult…

Tracheobronchomalacia following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) occurs due to the weakening of cartilaginous part of the trachea, resulting in compromised airway function and leading to symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and inability to clear secretions. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is the most prevalent late noninfectious pulmonary complication in patients who underwent allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Therefore, patients experiencing progressive dyspnea and chronic cough after allogenic HSCT, with new obstructive pattern on pulmonary function test, are typically diagnosed with post-transpla…

Hematologic malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes are rarely associated with hematologic malignancies. In their rarity, lymphomas are the diseases with mo … patients with isolated osteosclerotic lesions (where radiotherapy is indicated), hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is the therapy of choice in patients with POEMS syndrome. In the paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitors, discontinuation of the drug together with immunomodulatory treatment is recommended.

Liver Pathology After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is used to treat a variety of hematologic malignancies and autoimmune conditions. The immunosuppressive medications as well as other therapies used both before and after transplantation leave patients susceptible to a wide spectrum of complications, including liver injury. Causes for liver damage associated with stem cell transplantation include sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, graft-versus-host disease, iron overload, and opportunistic infection. Here, the authors review the clinical and pathological findings of these etiologies of liver injury and prov…

Adenovirus infection in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Adenovirus (AdV) infection occurs in 0-20% of patients in the first 3-4 months after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), being higher in pediatric than in adult patients. About 50% of AdV infections involve the blood, which in turn, correlates with an increased risk developing AdV diseases, end-organ damage, and 6-month overall mortality. The main risk factors for AdV infection are T-cell depletion of the graft by ex vivo selection procedures or in vivo use of alemtuzumab or antithymocyte serum, development of graft versus host disease (GVHD) grade III-IV, donor type (haploide…

Kidney Disease Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) provides a curative option for the treatment of several malignancies. Its growing use is associated with an increased burden of kidney disease. Acute kidney injury is usually seen within the first 100 days of transplantation and has an incidence ranging between 12 and 73%, with the highest rate in myeloablative allogeneic SCT. A large subset of patients after SCT develop chronic kidney disease. They can be broadly classified into thrombotic microangiopathy, nephrotic syndrome, and calcineurin toxicity. Dialysis requirement after SCT is associated w…

Challenges in cell transplantation for muscular dystrophy.

For decades now, cell transplantation has been considered a possible therapeutic strategy for muscular dystrophy, but failures have largely outnumbered success or at least encouraging outcomes. In this review we will briefly recall the history of cell transplantation, discuss the peculiar features of skeletal muscle, and dystrophic skeletal muscle in particular, that make the procedure complicated and inefficient. As there are many recent and exhaustive reviews on the various myogenic cell types that have been or will be transplanted, we will only briefly describe them and refer the reader to …

Psychosocial aspects of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has become a conventional and potentially curative treatment for various hematological diseases. As more sophisticated procedures have been developed and mortality rates have decreased, attention has shifted to the psychosocial challenges associated with transplantation. The psychosocial difficulties accompanying transplantation are addressed in the context of both quality of life (QOL) and psychopathological research. Among the psychiatric comorbidities of HSCT, anxiety, depression, sleep and sexual disorders, delirium and post-traumatic stress d…

[Respiratory virus infections after hematopoietic cell transplantation].

Respiratory viral infection is a common disease even among immunocompetent individuals. Moreover, approximately 40% of the hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients suffer from a respiratory infection within 100 days after HCT. New respiratory viruses have been continuously identified in the past 20 years, such as new strains of coronaviruses (CoV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and human bocavirus (BoV). In 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 that caused the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic was identified. The 30-day overall survival after lower r…

Hematopoietic cell transplantation for sialidosis type I.

We report the clinical and laboratory follow-up data of an adolescent female with Type I Sialidosis who underwent bone marrow transplant (BMT). After BMT, plasma and urine biomarkers responded concurrently with engraftment. Neuropsychiatry data showed preservation in some domains, but she did have overall decline in motor performance. Sialidosis is a very rare lysosomal condition, and we believe this to be the first report of a case of Type I Sialidosis undergoing BMT.

Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma.

The development of new inhibitory and immunological agents and combination therapies significantly improved response rates and survival of patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) in the last decade, but the disease is still considered to be incurable by current standards and the prognosis is dismal especially in high-risk groups and in relapsed and/or refractory patients. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) may enable long-term survival and even cure for individual patients via an immune-mediated graft-versus-myeloma (GvM) effect, but remains controversial due t…

Toward safer haploidnetical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

The use of haploidentical HSCT is gaining momentum using either megadose T-cell depleted (TCD) myeloablative HSCT, or T cell replete nonmyeloablative HSCT in conjunction with cyclophosphamide post-transplant (PTCY). However, the risks of myeloablative protocols in the former or prolonged immunosuppression in the later, adversely impacting GVL and anti-pathogen immunity are challenging. Recently, we demonstrated in a stringent BM allografting murine model, that combining megadose TCD HSCT with PTCY, enabled durable chimerism induction without GVHD in the absence of any immune suppression after

Skeletal muscle cell transplantation: models and methods.

Xenografts of skeletal muscle are used to study muscle repair and regeneration, mechanisms of muscular dystrophies, and potential cell therapies for musculoskeletal disorders. Typically, xenografting involves using an immunodeficient host that is pre-injured to create a niche for human cell engraftment. Cell type and method of delivery to muscle depend on the specific application, but can include myoblasts, satellite cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesangioblasts, immortalized muscle precursor cells, and other multipotent cell lines delivered locally or systemically. Some studies follow

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in Farber disease.

BACKGROUND: Farber disease (FD) is a rare, lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficient acid ceramidase activity. FD has long been considered a fatal disorder with death in the first three decades of life resulting either from respiratory insufficiency as a consequence of airway involvement or from progressive neurodegeneration because of nervous system involvement. Peripheral symptoms associated with FD, including inflammatory joint disease, have been described to improve relatively rapidly after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). AIMS: To evaluate the disease-specific status and li…