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Contribution of LTi and TH17 cells to B cell aggregate formation in the central nervous system in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: In a subgroup of patients suffering from progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), which is an inflammation-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), B cell aggregates were discovered within the meninges. Occurrence of these structures was associated with a more severe disease course and cortical histopathology. We have developed the B cell-dependent MP4-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a mouse model to mimic this trait of the human disease. The aim of this study was to determine a potential role of lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) an…

- симптомы хронических заболеваний во время беременности.

КОНТЕКСТ: Физиологические изменения беременности включают в себя сопротивление инсулину, тромбофилию, иммунодепрессию и гиперволемию. Эти изменения могут ознаменовать развитие болезни в более поздней жизни. ЦЕЛЬ: Обобщение текущих данных о том, как беременность свидетельствует о риске хронических заболеваний. ДОБАВЛЕНИЕ: Медлина искала статьи, опубликованные между 1990 и 2005 :: увязка состояния беременности с развитием хронических заболеваний. Были также рассмотрены библиографии и веб-сайты Международного общества акушерской медицины и Международного общества по изучению гипертензии при берем

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
CONTEXT: Physiologic changes of pregnancy include insulin resistance, thrombophilia, immunosuppression, and hypervolemia. These changes may … to T(H)2 dominance. Patients with a T(H)1-dominant immune disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis, improve during pregnancy. However, rheumatoid arthritis is 5 times more likely to develop after delivery than at any other time. During pregnancy, there is a 50% increase in plasma volume, which can unmask glomerulopathies, peripartum cardiomyopath …

T cell-targeted immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: molecular mechanisms to therapeutic perspectives from Traditional Chinese medicine.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system characterized by an imbalance between effector T cells (Th1/Th17) and regulatory T-cell (Treg) function. Current disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) reduce relapse frequency mainly through broad immunomodulation, but their non-specific mechanisms often lead to adverse effects and incomplete disease control, especially in progressive MS. These limitations have driven efforts to develop next-generation T-cell-targeted approaches, such as antigen-specific tolerance induction and adoptive Treg the…

The dual role of mTOR in multiple sclerosis pathophysiology: a systematic review.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination, neuroinflammation, and progressive neurodegeneration. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a key role in regulating immune responses, cell metabolism, autophagy, and repair processes. Although the role of mTOR in neurodegeneration has been explored in previous reviews, a systematic assessment of its function in MS across different models is still lacking. This systematic review aimed to examine the role of mTOR signaling in the pathophysiology of MS. Following Preferred Reporting Items f…

Combined clemastine fumarate and selenomethionine promote remyelination via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in experimental multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system characterized by neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, axonal injury, and progressive loss of myelin. Although currently available disease-modifying therapies effectively suppress immune activity, their ability to promote remyelination and neurological recovery remains limited. Clemastine fumarate (CMF), a first-generation antihistamine, has demonstrated remyelinating potential through the promotion of oligodendrocyte maturation, whereas selenomethionine (SLM), a selenium-containing antioxidant, may attenuate o…

Higher frequency of Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) viral DNA simultaneously with low frequency of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral DNA in a cohort of multiple sclerosis patients from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The etiology of MS is not well understood, but it's likely one of the genetic and environmental factors. Approximately 85% of patients have relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), while 10-15% have primary progressive MS (PPMS). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), members of the human Herpesviridae family, are strong candidates for representing the macroenvironmental factors associated with MS) pathogenesis. Antigenic mimicry of EBV involving B-cells has been i…

Exercise and Sports Science Australia (ESSA) position statement on exercise for people with mild to moderate multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVES: Multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common chronic and progressive neurological condition of the central nervous system, affects 26,000 Australian adults. Exercise training has beneficial effects on MS-related impairments including reduced muscular strength, poor aerobic capacity and impaired mobility, and in consequence can improve quality of life. This Position Statement provides evidence-based recommendations for exercise prescription and delivery of exercise training for people with MS with mild to moderate disability. DESIGN AND METHODS: Synthesis of published works within the …

[Ataxia associated with gluten sensitivity, myth or reality?].

INTRODUCTION: Gluten ataxia refers to the association of idiopathic ataxia despite exhaustive investigations with gluten sensitivity defined … d in six cases. Among the four other patients positive for AGA, investigations revealed one case of multiple sclerosis, one case of late-onset Friedreich ataxia, one case of basilar tuberculous meningitis and one case of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION: Screening for AGA presence should be systematically performed at presentation of patients with unknown etiology ataxi …

Reversal of alexia in multiple sclerosis by weak electromagnetic fields.

The occurrence of cognitive deficits in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has been recognized since 1877 when Charcot first observed "enfeeblement of memory" in his patients. Cognitive deficits have been reported in almost 50% of patients with a relapsing-remitting course and in a significantly higher percentage of patients with a chronic progressive course leading to intellectual disability which is often severe enough to preclude employment. MS is considered a form of subcortical dementia and the occurrence of classical cortical disorders such as aphasia, agnosia and apraxia is reported …

Differential diagnosis of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy and multiple sclerosis in Iranian patients.

Two Iranian patients with chronic progressive spastic paraparesis and urinary dysfunction were referred to our hospital with the presumptive diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Routine CSF analysis and magnetic resonance imaging of the two patients were only partially characteristic of MS. Testing for antibodies to human T-cell leukemia virus type I [HTLV-I] in serum using a radioimmune precipitation assay revealed antibodies to HTLV-I in both patients. The infection with HTLV-I was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and liquid hybridization analysis using primers to the tax/rex re…

Laboratory evaluation of patients with Sjögren's syndrome.

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the lacrymal and salivary glands, leading to severe dryness of eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) and mouth (xerostomia). SS may exist as a primary disorder (1 degree-SS) or in association with other autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus or progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Diagnosis of 1 degree-SS is confirmed by minor salivary gland biopsy and the presence of circulating autoantibodies. Minor salivary gland biopsies exhibit focal lym

[Clinico-pathological comparative study between brainstem encephalitis of Iizuka type and neuro-Behçet's disease].

We experienced one necropsy case of brainstem encephalitis of Iizuka type (BSE) and one necropsy case of the brain-stem syndrome (BSS) of ty … much interest is their similarity in characteristic mental disturbance. In discriminating BSE from multiple sclerosis and other diseases with exclusive involvement of the brainstem, it is important to understand their clinical characteristics. The characteristic mental disturbance includes damage to memory and sentiment, a change in personality, and lowering in spo …

Grey matter damage and overall cognitive impairment in primary progressive multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVES: To identify associations between cognitive impairment and imaging measures in a cross-sectional study of patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). METHODS: Neuropsychological tests were administered to 27 patients with PPMS and 31 controls. Patients underwent brain conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences, volumetric scans and magnetization transfer (MT) imaging; MT ratio (MTR) parameters, grey matter (GM) and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) volumes, and WM T2 lesion load (T2LL) were obtained. In patients, multiple linear regression models id…

Latitudinal variation in incidence and type of first central nervous system demyelinating events.

Increasing prevalence and variable geographic patterns of occurrence of multiple sclerosis suggest an environmental role in causation. There are few descriptive, population-level, data on whether such variability applies to first demyelinating events (FDEs). We recruited 216 adults (18-59 years), with a FDE between 1 November 2003 and 31 December 2006 in a multi-center incident case-control study in four locations on the south-eastern and eastern seaboard of Australia, spanning latitudes 27 degrees south to 43 degrees south. Population denominators were obtained from the Australian Bureau of S…

Vitamin D as a Modulator of Neuroinflammation: Implications for Brain Health.

Neuroinflammation represents a critical immune response within the brain, playing a pivotal role in defense against injury and infection. Ho … Clinical research has identified vitamin D deficiency as a common thread in the increased risks of multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's, and depression, among others. Furthermore, preclinical models suggest vitamin D's regulatory capacity over inflammatory mediators, its protective role against neuronal apoptosis, and its contribution to neurogenesi …

Cerebrospinal fluid kynurenines in multiple sclerosis; relation to disease course and neurocognitive symptoms.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system, with a high rate of neurocognitive symptoms for which the molecular background is still uncertain. There is accumulating evidence for dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) in different psychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions. We here report the first comprehensive analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kynurenine metabolites in MS patients of different disease stages and in relation to neurocognitive symptoms. Levels of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KY…

Cerebrospinal fluid molecular demonstration of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA is associated to clinical and brain magnetic resonance imaging activity in a subset of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

To further explore the link between Chlamydia pneumoniae and multiple sclerosis (MS), we examined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 71 patients with MS and from 72 patients suffering from other inflammatory neurological disorders (OIND) or noninflammatory neurological disorders (NIND). All samples were analysed by a touchdown nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR) for C. pneumoniae with primer sets which amplify target sequence genes encoding the major outer membrane protein (MOMP), the 16S rRNA and the Hsp-70 protein. A molecular study was also performed to evaluate genetic diversity a…

Comprehensive immunophenotyping of cerebrospinal fluid cells in patients with neuroimmunological diseases.

We performed unbiased, comprehensive immunophenotyping of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood leukocytes in 221 subjects referred for the di … pecific differences provide mechanistic insight into the disease process in the defined subtypes of multiple sclerosis (MS), neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease, and Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. This analysis also determined that secondary-progressive MS patients are immunologically closer to relapsing-remitting patients as compared with patients with pri …

Взаимосвязь между множественным склерозом и ожирением: сравнительное исследование.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное расстройство, затрагивающее центральную нервную систему. Она характеризуется воспалением, обезвоживанием и разрушением аксонов. Ожирение является глобальной проблемой здравоохранения, которая связана с чрезмерным накоплением жира в организме, что приводит к негативному метаболическому воздействию и воздействию на здоровье человека. В последние годы все больше внимания уделяется связи между НР и ожирением. ЦЕЛИ: Текущее исследование направлено на оценку взаимосвязи между MS и ожирением и на определение того, является ли ожирение фактором рис

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system. It is characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and destruction of the axons. Obesity is a worldwide health issue that involves excessive accumulation of body fat, resulting in negative metabolic and health effects. The association between MS and ob…

Seizures in inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) may be associated with acute symptomatic seizures and chronic epilepsy as well. The clinical features of the seizures and/or accompanying epilepsy seen in each disease group may vary. In this study, we aimed to contribute to the existing literature by describing the clinical features of seizures and epilepsy in our demyelinating patient population. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients who were followed up in our tertiary refe…