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Co-modulation of TNFR1 and TNFR2 in an animal model of multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine and master regulator of the immune system. It acts through two receptors resulting in often opposing biological effects, which may explain the lack of therapeutic potential obtained so far in multiple sclerosis (MS) with non-receptor-specific anti-TNF therapeutics. Under neuroinflammatory conditions, such as MS, TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1) is believed to mediate the pro-inflammatory activities associated with TNF, whereas TNF receptor-2 (TNFR2) may instead induce anti-inflammatory effects as well as promote remyelination and neuropr…

Intravenous administration of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue and umbilical cord improves neuropathic pain via suppression of neuronal damage and anti-inflammatory actions in rats.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are isolated from adipose tissue (AD-MSCs), umbilical cord (UC-MSCs), or bone marrow, have therapeutic … while UC-MSCs exhibited their effects via suppressed neuronal damage, anti-inflammatory actions and remyelination.

Tamoxifen promotes white matter recovery and cognitive functions in male mice after chronic hypoperfusion.

Cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion are one of the major components of stroke pathology and close … phenotype, enhanced oligodendrocyte precursor cells proliferation and differentiation, and promoted remyelination after chronic hypoperfusion. Together, our data indicate that Tamoxifen could alleviate white matter injury and play multiple targets protective effects following chronic hypoperfusion, which is a promising candidate for the therapeutic target for i …

Adult skin-derived precursor Schwann cells exhibit superior myelination and regeneration supportive properties compared to chronically denervated nerve-derived Schwann cells.

Functional outcomes following delayed peripheral nerve repair are poor. Schwann cells (SCs) play key roles in supporting axonal regeneration and remyelination following nerve injury, thus understanding the impact of chronic denervation on SC function is critical toward developing therapies to enhance regeneration. To improve our understanding of SC function following acute versus chronic-denervation, we performed functional assays of SCs from adult rodent sciatic nerve with acute- (Day 5 post) or chronic-denervation (Day 56 post), versus embryonic nerves. We also compared Schwann cells derived…

Human Adipose Stem Cells Improve Mechanical Allodynia and Enhance Functional Recovery in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain.

Stem cells are a promising source of tissue engineering due to their differentiation potential. Today, direct transplantation of stem cells … ). Histological examination revealed that the transplanted groups showed better neural recovery and remyelination than the groups injected with PBS. These results show that the transplantation of hASCs into the injured sciatic nerve improved mechanical allodynia and functional recovery as determined by the paw withdrawal test, SFI analysis, and electrophysiolog …

The effects of tibial fracture and Ilizarov osteosynthesis on the structural reorganization of sciatic and tibial nerves during the bone consolidation phase and after fixator removal.

Reactive and adaptive changes in mechanically uninjured nerves during fracture healing have not been studied previously although the status … ve fibre densities. Besides axonal atrophy, the peroneal nerve was characterized with demyelination-remyelination, while tibial nerve with hypermyelination. There were changes in endoneural vessel densities. In spite of minor acute MF degeneration, sustained axonal atrophy, dismyelination and retrograde changes did not resolve until 120 days after fracture heal …

Optic nerve magnetisation transfer ratio after acute optic neuritis predicts axonal and visual outcomes.

Magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) can reveal the degree of proton exchange between free water and macromolecules and was suggested to be pa … tratification of individual patient MTR time courses based on flux over 12 months (stable, putative remyelination and putative degeneration) predicted RNFL thinning at 12 months (F(2,32) = 3.59, p = 0.02). In conclusion, these findings indicate that MTR flux after acute ON is predictive of axonal degeneration and visual disability outcomes.

[Occupational toxic neuropathies: morphology in peripheral nerve biopsies].

Many peripheral neuropathies are caused by the (acute or chronic) toxic action of metals, solvents, pesticides, and other occupational and e … ood vessels; possible inflammatory infiltrates; fibre density; regenerative phenomena (growth cone, remyelination). In occupational medicine, biopsy is indicated when the anamnestic-clinical picture, laboratory tests, and instrumental exams leave doubts about the nature, type, and entity of the neurological damage. In such cases, current optical and electron mi …

Hypertrophic neuropathies and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in transgenic mice overexpressing glial growth factor beta3 in myelinating Schwann cells.

The neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) family of growth and differentiation factors exerts a variety of effects on Schwann cells and their precursors duri … e. Sciatic nerves from these animals show a hypertrophic neuropathy characterized by demyelination, remyelination, and "onion bulb" formation. Development of this hypertrophic neuropathy is preceded by Schwann cell hyperplasia that is prominent in 1-month-old mice and present but decreased in 2- and 4-month-old animals. P0-GGFbeta3 mice also develop peripheral …

Functional recovery with histomorphometric analysis of nerves and muscles after combination treatment with erythropoietin and dexamethasone in acute peripheral nerve injury.

INTRODUCTION: Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) often leads to significant functional loss in patients and poses a challenge to physicians since treatment options for improving functional outcomes are limited. Recent studies suggest that erythropoietin and glucocoticoids have beneficial effects as mediators of neuro-regenerative processes. We hypothesized that combination treatment with erythropoietin and glucocoticoids would have a synergistic effect on functional outcome after PNI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sciatic nerve crush injury was simulated in ten-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. The mice were d

Развитие и проблемы в области множественного склероза: понимание болезни от этологии до лечения.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое нервно-дегенеративное расстройство центральной нервной системы (ЦСН), которое затрагивает более 2,8 миллиона человек во всем мире. Она признается в качестве одной из главных причин нетравматической неврологической инвалидности среди молодых людей. Это воспалительное заболевание обезвоживания с аксоновым повреждением и постепенной неврологической инвалидностью, что влечет за собой высокие личные, социальные и экономические издержки. Развитие нейроимации, иммунобиологии и молекулярной биологии значительно повысило точность диагностики, мониторинга заболев

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated neurodegenerative disorder of the Central Nervous System (CNS) that affects more than 2 … re are limited therapeutic interventions that are effective against progressive multiple sclerosis; remyelination failure still plays a role in irreversible disability. Predicting treatment response in this disorder is yet to be identified. The existing literature has identified gaps in understanding immune dysregulation, neurodegeneration, and new modulators, …

Transplanted oligodendrocyte progenitor cells improve neurological defects in a rat model of preterm white-matter injury during the sequela phase.

BACKGROUND: Preterm white-matter injury (PWMI), frequently occurring in preterm infants, is a major factor contributing to long-term neurolo … e of the rats receiving transplanted hOPCs were restored. CONCLUSIONS: Transplanted hOPCs promoted remyelination, reduced white-matter injury, and improved neurobehavioral outcomes in PWMI rats during the sequela phase, suggesting that transplantation of hOPCs may be an effective therapeutic approach for children with neurological deficits associated with PWMI …

Провоспалительные молекулы, имплицитно связанные с множественным склерозом Divert Development of Human Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells.

ИСТОРИЯ И ЗАДАЧИ: Олигодендроциты (ОИ) и их процессы формирования миелина теряются во время заболевания, вызванного множественным склерозом (МС), цель которого заключается в проникновении лейкоцитов и их эффектных цитокинов. Считается, что ремонт миелин зависит от набора и дифференциации ячеек потомков олигодендроцитов. До сих пор не определены основания для отказа от воспоминаний во время болезни MS. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы определить влияние на дифференциацию опухолей человека факторов некроза (ОКП) и интерферона (ИФН).Мы создали человека OPC из индуцированных плюрипоте

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Oligodendrocytes (OLs) and their myelin-forming processes are lost during the disease course of multiple sclerosi … pendent on recruitment and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). The basis of remyelination failure during the disease course of MS remains to be defined. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the proinflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-⍺ (TNF⍺) and interferon-γ (IFNγ) on the differentiation of human OPCs. METHODS: …

Understanding Neuropathy Features in the Context of Nitrous Oxide Abuse: A Combined Electrophysiological and Metabolic Approach.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of neurological complications associated with nitrous oxide (N2O) abuse, including N2O-induced myelopathy and neur … nt, but it is well-known that demyelinating features have a better prognosis related to the further remyelination. These findings contribute to a better understanding of N2O-related neuropathic damage and could guide future therapeutic interventions based on biochemical-neurophysiological stratifications.

SORD-deficient rats develop a motor-predominant peripheral neuropathy unveiling novel pathophysiological insights.

Biallelic SORD mutations cause one of the most frequent forms of recessive hereditary neuropathy, estimated to affect ∼10 000 patients in North America and Europe alone. Pathogenic SORD loss-of-function changes in the encoded enzyme sorbitol dehydrogenase result in abnormally high sorbitol levels in cells and serum. How sorbitol accumulation leads to peripheral neuropathy remains to be elucidated. A reproducible animal model for SORD neuropathy is essential to illuminate the pathogenesis of SORD deficiency and for preclinical studies of potential therapies. Therefore, we have generated a Sord

Титрация чашечки вызывает надежное обезвоживание.

Множественный склероз (MS) является хроническим воспалительным заболеванием центральной нервной системы. Демиэлизация, вызванная Cuprizone, в которой мыши питаются диетой, содержащей медный хелатор, является хорошо зарекомендовавшей себя моделью, которая воспроизводит ключевые черты обезвоживания и ремиэлирования. Однако соотношение " доза-реакция " , характерное для капризоны, является сложным; высокие концентрации могут вызывать токсичность, в то время как низкие дозы могут не давать надежного обезвоживания по различным предметам. Цель этого исследования заключалась в изучении вопр

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Cuprizone-induced demyelination, wherein mice are fed a diet containing the copper chelator cuprizone, is a well-established model that replicates key features of demyelination and remyelination. However, the dose-response relationship of cuprizone is complex; high conce…

Brain region-specific myelinogenesis is not directly linked to amyloid-β in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by aggregating amyloid beta-protein (Aβ). Recent evidence has shown that insufficient myelinogenes … t cortical regions, suggesting that Aβ plaques induce demyelination but may not exclusively trigger remyelination. To understand the role of soluble Aβ in regulating myelinogenesis, we chose to observe the visual system, wherein soluble Aβ is detectable but without the presence of Aβ plaques in the APP/PS1 retina, optic nerve, and optic tract. Interestingly, ne …

Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Multiple Sclerosis: From Experimental Models to Clinical Practice-A Review.

BACKGROUND: As far as 80% of people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience disabling symptoms in the course of the disease, such … ence from preclinical studies showed that cannabinoids can limit the demyelination process, promote remyelination, and have anti-inflammatory properties by reducing immune cell infiltration of the central nervous system in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Moreover, it has been established that experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice t …

Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9)-mediated neurodegeneration: Implications for progressive multiple sclerosis?

AIMS: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling is dysregulated in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological and psychiatric conditions, but there is little or no consensus as to how individual FGF family members contribute to disease pathogenesis. Lesion development in MS is associated with increased expression of FGF1, FGF2 and FGF9, all of which modulate remyelination in a variety of experimental settings. However, FGF9 is also selectively upregulated in major depressive disorder (MDD), prompting us to speculate it may also have a direct effect on neuronal function and survival. METHO…

Disrupted myelination network in the cingulate cortex of Parkinson's disease.

The cingulate cortex is part of the conserved limbic system, which is considered as a hub of emotional and cognitive control. Accumulating e … ther studies as novel candidate genes. Together, our findings provide new insights into the role of remyelination as a promising new approach to treat PD after demyelination.