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Arbovirus infections and viral haemorrhagic fevers in Uganda: a serological survey in Karamoja district, 1984.

Sera collected in May 1984 from 132 adult residents of Karamoja district, Uganda, were examined by haemagglutination inhibition tests for an … Ebola-Zaïre and Marburg filoviruses (Filoviridae), Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever nairovirus and Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (Bunyaviridae). Antibodies against Chikungunya virus were the most prevalent (47%), followed by flavivirus antibodies (16%), which were probably due mainly to West Nile virus. No evidence of yellow fever or dengue virus circulation was o …

A comprehensive review on the epidemiology of arboviruses in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO): insights from the WHO's Regional Office.

Arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) pose an ongoing public health threat in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO) of the World Health Organization. This review summarizes the epidemiology of major arboviruses - including Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus (DENV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), West Nile virus (WNV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) in EMRO countries based on data from 2014-2023. Reported prevalence rates varied considerably between studies and countries, indicating localized transmission intensity. Overall…

Use of Human Macrophages to Study Bunyavirus NSs Functions.

The NSs protein is a major virulence factor in bunyaviruses, crucial for viral pathogenesis. However, assessing NSs protein function can be challenging due to its inhibition of cellular RNA polymerase II, impacting NSs protein expression from plasmid DNA. The recombinant Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) MP-12 strain (rMP-12), a highly attenuated vaccine strain, can be safely manipulated under biosafety level 2 conditions. Leveraging a reverse genetics system, we can engineer rMP-12 variants expressing heterologous NSs genes, enabling functional testing in cultured cells. Human macrophages hold a…

Incubation periods of mosquito-borne viral infections: a systematic review.

Mosquito-borne viruses are a major public health threat, but their incubation periods are typically uncited, non-specific, and not based on data. We systematically review the published literature on six mosquito-borne viruses selected for their public health importance: chikungunya, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, West Nile, and yellow fever viruses. For each, we identify the literature's consensus on the incubation period, evaluate the evidence for this consensus, and provide detailed estimates of the incubation period and distribution based on published experimental and obs…

Dephosphorylation of the NPR2 guanylyl cyclase contributes to inhibition of bone growth by fibroblast growth factor.

BACKGROUND: The Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a vector-borne virus that causes disease in ruminants, but it can also infect humans. In humans, the infection can be asymptomatic but can also lead to illness, ranging from a mild disease with fever, headache and muscle pain to a severe disease with encephalitis and haemorrhagic fever. In rare cases, death can occur. In infected animals, influenza-like symptoms can occur, and abortion and mortality in young animals are indicative of RVFV infection. Since the initial outbreak in Kenya in the 1930s, the virus has become endemic to most of sub-Sa…

Prioritisation and risk ranking of epidemic-prone diseases for emergency preparedness and response in Eastern Africa using a multi-criteria decision analysis framework, 2023.

BACKGROUND: Resources to respond to emerging and re-emerging infectious disease emergencies are limited. AIM: To support preparedness plann … (8.9), measles (8.6), yellow fever (8.5), Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (8.2), malaria (8.0) and Rift Valley fever (7.9). The unknown disease, defined as one caused by a hypothetical novel pathogen (often referred to as 'Disease X'), Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever and mpox received the lowest preparedness rating. CONCLUSION: Ebola virus dis …

A Review of Infectious Diseases Associated with Religious and Nonreligious Rituals.

Rituals are an integral part of human life but a wide range of rituals (both religious and non-religious), from self-flagellation to blood brotherhood to ritual sprinkling of holy water, have been associated with transmission of infections. These infections include angiostrongyliasis, anthrax, brucellosis, cholera, COVID-19, cutaneous larva migrans, Ebola, hepatitis viruses, herpes simplex virus, HIV, human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), kuru, Mycobacterium bovis, Naegleria fowleri meningoencephalitis, orf, rift valley fever, and sporotrichosis. Education and community engagement are important …

Wesselsbron virus at the livestock-human interface: A practical guide to disease recognition and diagnosis.

Wesselsbron virus (WSLV) is a mosquito-borne Orthoflavivirus of the yellow fever virus (YFV) serocomplex, widely distributed across sub-Saha … lsbron disease is challenging because symptoms and environmental circumstances overlap closely with Rift Valley fever. While there is no serological cross-reactivity between WSLV and RVFV, WSLV antibodies broadly cross-react with other viruses of the YFV serocomplex. Molecular assays have improved detection of acute infections, and recent experimental studies have …

The Arbo‑zoonet Information System.

The Arbo‑zoonet Information System has been developed as part of the 'International Network for Capacity Building for the Control of Emerging Viral Vector Borne Zoonotic Diseases (Arbo‑zoonet)' project. The project aims to create common knowledge, sharing data, expertise, experiences, and scientific information on West Nile Disease (WND), Crimean‑Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), and Rift Valley fever (RVF). These arthropod‑borne diseases of domestic and wild animals can affect humans, posing great threat to public health. Since November 2011, when the Schmallenberg virus (SBV) has been discove…

Development of novel mechanisms for housing, handling, and remote monitoring of common marmosets at animal biosafety level 3.

The use of common marmosets as an alternative non-human primate model for infectious disease research using BSL-3 viruses such as Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) presents unique challenges with respect to housing, handling, and safety. Subject matter experts from veterinary care, animal husbandry, biosafety, engineering, and research were consulted to design a pilot experiment using marmosets infected with RVFV. This paper reviews the caging, handling, and safety-related adaptations and modifications that were required to humanely utilize marmosets as a model for high-hazard BSL-3 viral disease…

Недиагностированные острые вирусные заболевания фебрилов, Сьерра-Леоне.

Сьерра-Леоне в Западной Африке находится в регионе Ласса-Гипер, который также включает Гвинею и Либерию. Ежегодно в результате предполагаемых случаев заболевания лихорадкой Ласса в диагностическую лабораторию больницы < < Кенема > > в восточной части Сьерра-Леоне поступает 500 - 700 проб. Как правило, только 30%-40% проб, прошедших проверку, являются положительными для антигена вируса Ласса (LASV) и/или специфического IgM LASV; таким образом, 60-70% из этих пациентов страдают острыми заболеваниями неизвестного происхождения. Для изучения того, какие другие вирусные заболевания, пер

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Sierra Leone in West Africa is in a Lassa fever-hyperendemic region that also includes Guinea and Liberia. Each year, suspected Lassa fever … er viruses. Approximately 25% of LASV-negative patients had IgM to dengue, West Nile, yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, chikungunya, Ebola, and Marburg viruses but not to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Saudi Arabia: A Review.

Dengue fever is a global disease with a spectrum of clinical manifestation ranging from mild febrile disease to a severe disease in the form of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Dengue virus is one viral hemorrhagic fever that exists in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in addition to Alkhurma (Alkhurma) Hemorrhagic Fever, Chikungunya virus, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, and Rift Valley Fever. The disease is limited to the Western and South-western regions of Saudi Arabia, where Aedes aegypti exists. The majority of the cases in Saudi Arabia had mild disease and is related to se…

Alteration in superoxide dismutase 1 causes oxidative stress and p38 MAPK activation following RVFV infection.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease caused by Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). RVFV is a category A pathogen that belongs to the genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. Understanding early host events to an infectious exposure to RVFV will be of significant use in the development of effective therapeutics that not only control pathogen multiplication, but also contribute to cell survival. In this study, we have carried out infections of human cells with a vaccine strain (MP12) and virulent strain (ZH501) of RVFV and determined host responses to viral infection. We demonstrate that the…

Effect of controlled burning on survival of floodwater Aedes eggs in Kenya.

The effect of controlled burning on the survival of Aedes mosquito eggs was evaluated in 2 distinct dambo habitats. In a dambo dominated by … not decrease with time after burning. The potential for burning to control the mosquito vectors of Rift Valley fever virus is discussed.

Anthropophilic mosquitoes at Richards Bay, Natal, and arbovirus antibodies in human residents.

A survey at Richards Bay, the site of a new international harbour on the east coast of South Africa, revealed the presence of 11 anthropophilic mosquito species. These are discussed in relation to their known medical importance and to a complementary survey of arbovirus antibodies among residents of the area. Mansonia uniformis was by far the most abundant man-biting mosquito. Antibodies against Germiston, Banzi and Rift Valley Fever viruses were the three most commonly encountered, being detected in 29.7, 12.2 and 8.7% of residents respectively. This new knowledge updates the distribution and…

First report of L1014F-kdr mutation in Culex pipiens complex from Morocco.

BACKGROUND: Mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex, competent vectors for West Nile virus (WNV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) are widely targeted by insecticide treatments. The intensive application of chemical insecticides led to the development of resistance in many insects including Culex pipiens mosquitoes. The absence of data on resistance mechanisms in Morocco allow us to assess the levels of lambda-cyhalothrin resistance and the frequency of the mutated gene L1014F kdr in different forms of Cx. pipiens complex from three regions of Morocco. METHODS: Mosquito adults were reared fr…

Vaccines for viral hemorrhagic fevers--progress and shortcomings.

With a few exceptions, vaccines for viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever remain unavailable or lack well-documented efficacy. In the past decade this has not been due to a lack of the ability to develop vaccine platforms against highly pathogenic viruses, but rather the lack of will/interest to invest in platforms that have the potential to become successful vaccines. The two exceptions to this are vaccines against Dengue virus (DENV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), which recently have seen significant progress in putting forward new and improved vaccines, respectively. Experimental vaccin…