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Patterns of maxillofacial injuries caused by terrorist attacks in Iraq: retrospective study.

Over the past 5 years, Iraq has witnessed daily terrorist attacks mainly using improvised explosive devices. The aim of this study was to analyze the patterns of maxillofacial injuries caused by terrorist attacks in a sample of Iraqi casualties. Records from two hospitals, including 551 patients who sustained maxillofacial injuries due to terrorists attacks, were analyzed according to the patients' age, sex, site of injury, type of injury and cause of injury. Concomitant injuries and mortality were also considered. The most common age group affected was those aged 15-29 years. Most of these in

Communicating with the public about emerging health threats: lessons from the Pre-Event Message Development Project.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to better understand the challenges of communicating with the public about emerging health threats, particularly threats involving toxic chemicals, biological agents, and radioactive materials. METHODS: At the request of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we formed an interdisciplinary consortium of investigative teams from 4 schools of public health. Over 2 years, the investigative teams conducted 79 focus group interviews with 884 participants and individual cognitive response interviews with 129 respondents, for a total sample of 1013 individuals. The inv

Psychopathological consequences after a terrorist attack: an epidemiological study among victims, the general population, and police officers.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: To assess the prevalence and correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depression and anxiety disorders other than PTSD, among three samples with different level of exposure to the March 11, 2004 terrorist attacks in Madrid. METHOD: We sampled three groups of persons-those injured in the attacks, the residents of Alcala de Henares, and police officers involved with the rescue effort-with different exposure to the March 11, 2004 terrorist attacks, using random sampling from comprehensive censuses of all three groups. In person interviews were conducted with

Peritraumatic panic attacks and health outcomes two years after psychological trauma: implications for intervention and research.

Several studies have suggested that experiencing a peritraumatic panic attack (PPA) during a traumatic event predicts future mental health status. Some investigators have suggested that this finding has psychotherapeutic significance. We assessed the hypothesis that PPA was not related to longer-term health status after event exposure, once background confounders were controlled. In our study we assessed exposure to the World Trade Center disaster (WTCD) and other negative life events, demographic factors, social support, self-esteem, and panic attack onset in predicting health outcome among 1

Interoception in Practice: The Gut-Brain Connection.

Tony is a five and a half-year-old boy who has been a patient in your primary care practice since he was adopted at birth. He has been treated by a child and adolescent psychiatrist for behavioral concerns starting at age 3 years and has been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) combined type, anxiety disorder, and insomnia. He presents today with complaints of repeated emesis and refusal to eat or drink over the past 2 weeks and is now dehydrated. Tony was born at 30 weeks' gestational age by vaginal delivery with a birth weight of 4lbs 15oz

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia in a New York City firefighter exposed to World Trade Center dust.

We report a sentinel case of acute eosinophilic pneumonia in a firefighter exposed to high concentrations of World Trade Center dust during the rescue effort from September 11 to 24. The firefighter presented with a Pa(O2) of 53 mm Hg and responded to oxygen and corticosteroids. Computed tomography scan showed patchy ground glass density, thickened bronchial walls, and bilateral pleural effusions. Bronchoalveolar lavage recovered 70% eosinophils, with only 1% eosinophils in peripheral blood. Eosinophils were not degranulated and increased levels of interleukin-5 were measured in bronchoalveola

[Migration and health].

In the last decades of this century we are witnesses of frequent crises in different parts of the world produced by internal disturbance and … ver in Bosnia when many refugees crossed the Drina river on the way to Serbia escaping from Ustasha terrorism. At the Serbian side there were checkpoints where the refugees could taka a bath and where their laundry and clothing were depediculated with dry air, and after a two-week quarantine they could continue to Serbian provinces without making new foci o …

Animal models and medical countermeasures development for radiation-induced lung damage: report from an NIAID Workshop.

Since 9/11, there have been concerns that terrorists may detonate a radiological or nuclear device in an American city. Aside from several decorporation and blocking agents for use against internal radionuclide contamination, there are currently no medications within the Strategic National Stockpile that are approved to treat the immediate or delayed complications resulting from accidental exposure to radiation. Although the majority of research attention has focused on developing countermeasures that target the bone marrow and gastrointestinal tract, since they represent the most acutely radi

How Do Gunshot and Explosive Injuries to the Lower Extremities Differ in Severity and Treatment? A Comparative Study From the Israel-Gaza Conflict.

BACKGROUND: Lower extremity injuries are common in conflict-related trauma, with gunshot wounds (GSWs) causing localized damage and explosive trauma leading to extensive tissue injuries. Existing research lacks direct comparisons of injury severity and treatment outcomes between GSWs and explosive trauma in modern conflicts. This study clarifies these differences to improve triage strategies, surgical planning, and rehabilitation protocols. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: (1) How did GSWs and explosive trauma differ in terms of injury severity, including the proportion of patients in each group who exper

Fake news in the age of COVID-19: evolutional and psychobiological considerations.

The COVID-19 outbreak has been accompanied by a massive infodemic: an overabundance of information, some accurate and some not. At this pand … information, and the effects are more pronounced for false political news than for false news about terrorism, natural disasters, and science. Moreover, although prior knowledge of a statement leads people to confirm the statement the next time, they see it (confirmation bias), novelty facilitates decision making since it updates our understanding of the wo …

Medical Machiavellianism: the tradeoff between benefit and harm with targeted chemotherapy.

Machiavellianism is a word synonymous with the phrase "the end justifies the means", and in this article we have coined the term Medical Machiavellianism to describe the 'cruel-to-be-kind' administration of toxic chemotherapeutic agents in apparent violation of the precept first do no harm, while acknowledging the 'dirty hands' dilemma of having to decide between and choose the lesser of two evils in the setting of advanced cancer--i.e. to treat or not to treat. The perception that 'targeted' therapies are relatively non-toxic and therefore respect the Hippocratic First Commandment by virtue o

Molecular cytogenetic analysis of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: identification of common genetic alterations in Sézary syndrome and mycosis fungoides.

This review summarizes current evidence on the biological, diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) in prostate cancer (PCa). Dysregulated miRNA networks contribute to PCa initiation, progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance by regulating androgen receptor signaling, proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, hypoxia signaling, bone tropism, and castration-resistant evolution. Oncogenic miRNAs, including miR-21, miR-93, miR-9, miR-181a, and miR-182, promote malignant phenotypes through survival, TGF-β, PI3K/AKT, MAPK

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… Forces of nature, conflict and terrorism, and executions and police conflict | 30. Mesothelioma | 43. Peripheral artery disease 5. Bladder cancer | 18. Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer | 31. Multiple myeloma | 44. Prostate cancer 6. Brain and nervous system cancer | 19. …

Do Gunshot and Explosion Injuries Differ in Severity and Management? A Multicenter Study of Upper Extremity Trauma in the 2023 Israel-Gaza Conflict.

BACKGROUND: In 2023, the Israel-Gaza conflict escalated with the October 7, 2023, attack that has led to prolonged warfare. Upper extremity injuries, often resulting from explosions or gunshot wounds, have been a major cause of disability in this conflict. While previous studies have examined blast and ballistic trauma separately, there is a lack of direct, large-scale comparisons of their injury patterns, severity, and clinical management in a real-world conflict setting. It remains unclear whether gunshot wounds or explosion-related injuries result in more intensive surgical interventions or

Military medical research in the IDF: an array of fields and interests.

War is as old as history. Some may say it is older. The first Biblical war, dated 1880-1875 BCE, is depicted in the book of Genesis between nine kings in the vicinity of the Jordan river near Jericho. By the end of the war, Abraham (Abram) gets involved in saving his nephew Lot. In addition to war, military medicine also has its roots in historical times. Hippocrates (460-377 BCE), the father of medicine, derived his medical knowledge from the battlefield, and Sushruta [1], the father of plastic surgery, mentioned the physician's preventive role in noting environmental hazards: "A common pract

Human brain evolution and the "Neuroevolutionary Time-depth Principle:" Implications for the Reclassification of fear-circuitry-related traits in DSM-V and for studying resilience to warzone-related posttraumatic stress disorder.

The DSM-III, DSM-IV, DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10 have judiciously minimized discussion of etiologies to distance clinical psychiatry from Freudian … to lethal inter-group violence (combat, warzone exposure or intentionally caused disasters such as terrorism) are usually 5-10 times higher than rates following large-scale natural disasters such as forest fires, floods, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes. The author predicts that both intentionally-caused large-scale bioevent-disasters, as we …

Patients' and family members' dyadic experience of post-operative delirium in the intensive care unit: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Post-operative delirium is a complication with long-lasting consequences for both patients and their families. This is particularly true for those transferred to the intensive care unit after surgery, where the incidence of post-operative delirium is high, and patient outcomes are often poor. Despite the acknowledged role of family engagement in delirium management, previous research has mainly focused on patients, with limited exploration of the shared experiences between patients and family members. AIM: This study aims to explore the experiences of patients and family members d

Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.

BACKGROUND: Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health s … ined as increases in the death rate of more than one death per million, resulting from conflict and terrorism, natural disasters, major transport or technological accidents, and a subset of epidemic infectious diseases; these were added to estimates in the relevant years. In 47 countries with an identified peak adult prevalence for HIV/AIDS of more than 0·5 …

Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.

BACKGROUND: Monitoring levels and trends in premature mortality is crucial to understanding how societies can address prominent sources of e … us or some neoplasms, and in some locations for causes such as drug use disorders, and conflict and terrorism. Increasing levels of YLLs might reflect outcomes from conditions that required high levels of care but for which effective treatments remain elusive, potentially increasing costs to health systems. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

CD28 Deficiency Ameliorates Blast Exposure-Induced Lung Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and T Cell Accumulation in the Lungs via the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 Signaling Pathway.

Although CD28 is associated with the expression of inflammatory mediators, apoptosis-related protein, immunosuppression, and tumorigenesis, the effects of CD28 deficiency on blast exposure-induced lung injury have not been investigated. In this study, we have explored the effects of CD28 on blast exposure-induced lung injury and studied its potential molecular mechanisms. A mouse model of blast exposure-induced acute lung injury was established. Sixty C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and CD28 knockout (CD28-/-) mice were randomly divided into control or model groups. Lung tissue samples were collected 2

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… Bomb explosions in acts of terrorism--detonation, wound ballistics, triage and medical concerns Israel Medical Association Journal 2003 5 235 240 14509125 5 Ning J. L. Mo L. W. Lu K. Z. Lai X. N. Wang Z. G. Ma D. …

Expected benefits and concerns regarding virtual reality in caring for terminally ill cancer patients - a qualitative interview study.

BackgroundMany palliative cancer patients require inpatient hospital treatment for medical reasons, which contrasts their frequent desire to be at home. Virtual reality (VR) could be a way of bringing the home environment closer to them. First observations have shown benefits from VR for inpatients in palliative care. The aim of this qualitative, descriptive study was to explore the expectations of in-patients suffering from incurable cancer and their relatives about VR, in particular individualized VR images of the patients' own home.MethodsSemi-structured interviews with inpatients suffering