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Cows with diverging haplotypes show differences in differential milk cell count, milk parameters and vaginal temperature after S. aureus challenge but not after E. coli challenge.

BACKGROUND: In dairy cattle, mastitis causes high financial losses and impairs animal well-being. Genetic selection is used to breed cows with reduced mastitis susceptibility. Techniques such as milk cell flow cytometry may improve early mastitis diagnosis. In a highly standardized in vivo infection model, 36 half-sib cows were selected for divergent paternal Bos taurus chromosome 18 haplotypes (Q vs. q) and challenged with Escherichia coli for 24 h or Staphylococcus aureus for 96 h, after which the samples were analyzed at 12 h intervals. Vaginal temperature (VT) was recorded every three minu…

Using a new human milk fortifier to optimize human milk feeding among very preterm and/or very low birth weight infants: a multicenter study in China.

BACKGROUND: Human milk fortifier (HMF) composition has been optimized recently. But clinical evidence of its safety and efficacy is limited in Chinese population. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of a new HMF in growth, nutritional status, feeding intolerance, and major morbidities among very preterm (VPT) or very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in China. METHODS: VPT/VLBW infants admitted from March 2020 to April 2021 were prospectively included in the experimental (new HMF, nHMF) group, who received a new powdered HMF as a breast milk feeding supplement during hospitalization. …

Protein Intake, IGF-1 Concentrations, and Growth in the Second Year of Life in Children Receiving Growing Up Milk - Lite (GUMLi) or Cow's Milk (CM) Intervention.

The relationship of protein intake with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) concentrations in well-nourished children during the second year of life is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of a reduced-protein Growing Up Milk Lite (GUMLi) or unfortified cow's milk (CM) on protein intake, growth, and plasma IGF-1 at 2 y. An exploratory analysis of a sub-sample of Auckland-based children (n = 79) in the GUMLi trial (a double-blind, randomised control trial, N = 160) completed in Auckland and Brisbane (2015-2017) was conducted. One-year old children were randomised …

Chloramphenicol Contamination in Milk: Measurement, Methods, and Regulatory: A Systematic Review.

Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with applications in human and veterinary medicine. However, due to its severe adverse effects, including fatal aplastic anemia, its use in food-producing animals has been banned in many countries. Despite these regulations, CAP residues have been detected in milk, raising concerns about food safety and regulatory compliance. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the presence of CAP in milk, detection methods, and regulatory limits. A comprehensive literature search identified 918 studies, of which 27 met the inclusion criteria. The inclu…

Consequences of oxygen on Streptococcus thermophilus physiology and effects on milk fermentation.

Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) is essential for acidifying milk in food production, including yogurt and mozzarella. Oxygen is not controlled in dairy production and varies across scales and steps, partially due to ingress from the headspace and varying diffusion rates in large-scale vessels, where mixing is often minimized to preserve curd integrity. This review summarizes known consequences of oxygen variability on ST growth, acidification, exopolysaccharide formation, and flavor formation in milk, which are important for starter selection and process design that minimize performance variat…

Marketing Practices and Nutrition Content of Toddler Milk Across the Americas.

BACKGROUND: Toddler milk is a breastmilk substitute for young children, yet its marketing and nutritional profile across the Americas has not been systematically synthesized. METHODS: We conducted a content analysis documenting the prevalence of front-of-package claims and imagery on 389 toddler milk products from 14 countries in the Americas. We also compared the nutritional profile of toddler milk with plain cow's milk and chocolate-flavored cow's milk. RESULTS: Nearly all products (99%) displayed at least one front-of-package claim. Claim categories included nutrition-related (97%), healt…

Holder Pasteurization Affects the VOCs and Lipid Profile of Human Milk.

Donor human milk (DHM) provided by human milk banks is considered the optimal feeding alternative to mother's own milk for premature or medically compromised infants. Before distribution, DHM is subjected to Holder pasteurization (HoP) by milk banks to eliminate potential pathogens. In this study, FT-IR, GC and GC-MS were applied to characterize changes in the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and lipid components of human milk (HM) samples that were treated by HoP. FT-IR analysis revealed changes in specific band regions, indicating modifications to triglycerides and fatty acid (FA) organizat…

Breast milk miRNAs and their potential role in the development of atopy in infants.

Human breast milk is a dynamic biological fluid enriched with bioactive components, including extracellular vesicle-derived microRNAs (miRNAs), which have emerged as potential mediators of early immune programming. Growing evidence suggests that maternal atopic status can alter the breast milk miRNA profile, potentially shaping the infant's susceptibility to atopic disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, and food allergy. This review presents current research examining the link between breast milk miRNA composition and the development of atopy in infants, with a particular focus on mater…

Tetracycline residues in milk and beef from the Ugandan Cattle Corridor.

Veterinary antibiotic residues in foods of animal origin (FOAO) are of public health concern because they can contribute to antimicrobial resistance, disruption of gut microbiota, hypersensitivity reactions and developmental effects following chronic exposure. This study investigated the occurrence of six veterinary tetracyclines (oxytetracycline, tetracycline, doxycycline, chlortetracycline, demeclocycline and methacycline) in FOAO from the Ugandan Cattle Corridor districts of Nakaseke and Nakasongola. Raw milk, muscle tissue, liver and kidneys were analyzed for tetracyclines using high perfo…

Serum, milk and saliva cytokines in canine pseudopregnancy. A pilot study.

The measurement of cytokines in serum, milk, and saliva is advancing rapidly, especially for non-invasive health monitoring, stress evaluation, and disease diagnosis in bitches. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of a cytokine panel in serum, milk, and saliva in bitches with pseudopregnancy (PSG; n = 11) and compare their values to those observed in bitches with subclinical mastitis (SM; n = 7) and healthy lactating bitches (n = 6). Results showed that, in serum, only keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC)-like protein levels differed significantly between groups (P < 0.05), being lower i…

Diurnal rhythms in melatonin and cortisol in very preterm human milk.

INTRODUCTION: Human milk (HM) contains bioactive compounds and hormones vital for infant neuro- and circadian-development. While healthy term-born infants receive time-of-day cues naturally through breastfeeding, preterm infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) are typically fed with pooled expressed milk via tube feeding, which lacks time-of-day specificity. Despite growing interest in chrononutrition and circadian entrainment in the NICU, little is known about diurnal hormonal rhythms in preterm HM and their potential role in circadian development. METHODS: We investigated diurnal…

Breaking the Limitations of 'Milk': Research Progress on New Derivatives of Propofol.

Over the past several decades, intravenously administered anesthetics such as propofol have gained widespread recognition for their use in inducing and maintaining general anesthesia. As a fast-acting, short-acting anesthetic, propofol exhibits rapid onset, brief duration, excellent induction efficacy, minimal accumulation, and promotes clear-headedness and swift recovery post-anesthesia. However, its poor water solubility necessitates formulation as an emulsion, which may cause injection site pain during administration and potentially lead to allergic reactions and lipid metabolism disorders.

The Impact of Milk Protein Allergy on Pediatric Otitis Media Incidence.

OBJECTIVE: Otitis media (OM) is among the most prevalent infections in children. This study aims to investigate the correlation between milk protein allergy (MPA) and the incidence of OM in children. METHOD: Patients aged 2-17 years were identified in the TriNetX United States database and divided into two cohorts based on the presence or absence of MPA (ICD-10-CM code Z91.011). Propensity score matching was employed to balance demographic and clinical characteristics including age, sex, race, and ethnicity. The primary outcome was the incidence of OM, including acute otitis media (AOM), otit…

Escalation of soya cross-allergy in infants with cow's milk allergy.

BACKGROUND: Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is a common condition in infants, requiring alternative protein sources in their diets. Soya milk has become a popular substitute, especially in developing countries where it is a more affordable option compared to expensive hypoallergenic feeds for infants with insufficient breast milk supply. However, recent observations have shown an increase in soya cross-allergic reactions among infants with CMA. AIM: To determine how often infants diagnosed with CMA also had soya cross-allergy and to examine the symptoms and outcomes of these infants at 2 years of ag…

Fecal Calprotectin Determination in a Cohort of Children with Cow's Milk Allergy.

Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is the most common food allergy among children. An oral food challenge (OFC) remains a mainstay of the diagnosis of CMA, especially for the non-IgE-mediated type; however, this test can be risky and time-consuming. Hence, there is a need to identify biomarkers. Fecal calprotectin (FC) showed variable results, with good reliability and reproducibility in CMA patients. In this prospective study, we enrolled 76 children (aged 5-18 months) with CMA-related gastrointestinal and cutaneous symptoms following guidelines from the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, …

Understanding modifiable barriers to human milk donation in the United Kingdom.

BACKGROUND: When premature infants cannot receive their own mother's milk, donor human milk (DHM) is the first-line recommended option, with growing demand for DHM use outside of neonatal units. To meet the potential need, we need to consider whether DHM supply can increase. This study aimed to explore the reasons that prevent women who wish to donate their milk in the United Kingdom from doing so to understand which barriers may be modifiable. METHODS: Women who wanted to donate their milk but did not do so completed an online survey. Open and closed questions examined the response they rece…

Macronutrients in Human Milk Exposed to Antidepressant and Anti-Inflammatory Medications.

IMPORTANCE: The association between maternal medications and the macronutrient composition of human milk has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: To compare macronutrient levels in milk samples from mothers treated with long-term medications with samples from untreated healthy and disease-matched control mothers (DMCs). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A cross-sectional study using samples collected between October 2014 and January 2024 from breastfeeding mothers in the US and Canada invited to participate to the Mommy's Milk Human Milk Research Biorepository at the University of California, San D…

Milk and meat safety in Nepal: addressing challenges and exploring solutions.

The transmission of zoonotic diseases through animal-derived food products poses a significant global public health challenge, with contaminated milk and meat serving as major transmission pathways. In Nepal, the growing consumption of these products has amplified the risk of foodborne illnesses, largely due to widespread bacterial contamination. This review systematically explores the prevalence, distribution, and public health significance of key bacterial pathogens, including Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus, Brucella, Bacillus cereus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…

Недооцененная причина гиперкальцемии: доклад о деле о синдроме Молка-Алкали.

Молоко-щелочный синдром (MAS) был впервые охарактеризован как отрицательное воздействие режима Sippy, в котором содержится большое количество бикарбоната натрия, что создает клинический сценарий, в котором гиперкальцемия, метаболический алкалоз и острая почечная недостаточность могут создать одновременные характеристики MAS. Синдром возобновился из-за широкого применения добавок кальция. A 50-year-old Белая женщина была доставлена в отделение скорой помощи ее врачом-терапевтом после случайного обнаружения гиперкальцемии во время проверки на усталость. У нее диагностировали острую почечную недо

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Milk-alkali syndrome (MAS) was first described as an adverse effect of the Sippy regimen, which contained large amounts of sodium bicarbonate, creating a clinical scenario in which hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and acute renal failure could develop simultaneous features characteristic of MAS. The syndrome has resurged due to widespread calcium suppleme…

Current research on plant-based milk alternatives and impact on health.

The consumption of Plant-based Milk Alternatives (PBMAs) is experiencing rapid growth due to evolving food preferences, the rise of veganism, environmental concerns, and issues associated with animal-based milk such as lactose intolerance, milk protein allergy, and galactosemia. PBMAs are beverages derived from the extraction of cereals, nuts, seeds, and legumes, with examples including soy milk, almond milk, oat milk, and various others. Despite the numerous benefits of PBMAs, their nutritional profile differs slightly from animal-based milk, particularly in terms of calcium and protein conte…