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Association of Milk Fat Intake on BMI Change and Nutrient Intake in WIC-Enrolled Toddlers.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the relationship between milk fat consumption from 24 to 36 months and (1) body mass index (BMI) z-score change from 24 to 36 months, and (2) nutrient intake at 36 months among toddlers who were Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)-eligible at study initiation. DESIGN: Longitudinal analysis using WIC Infant Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2 data collected from 2013 to 2020. SETTING: Eighty WIC enrollment sites across 27 US states. PARTICIPANTS: Included 2,373 toddlers (27.6% Black, 57.1% White, 15.4% other race; 39.1% Hispanic

Behavioral adaptation in diet maintains nutrient composition in an isolated, confined, and extreme environment in Antarctica.

BACKGROUND: Comprehensive monitoring of dietary intake in isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) environments is critical to elucidate physio … quency Questionnaire covering 130 items. Nutrient intake was calculated for energy, macro- and micronutrients. Gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: Participants experienced a gradual body weight loss during overwintering (-4.5% ± 6.1%), indicating a sustained energy deficit. Nevertheless, the overall macronu …

The impact of nutrient deficiency on the structure of soil microbial communities within a double-cropping system.

In the North China Plain, it is common for farmers to regularly clear crop residues from their fields. The prevalent practice of fertilizati … ems is still limited. To clarify the specific response of soil microorganisms to the absence of key nutrients in the ecosystems of the annual double cropping system, this study investigated how the lack of essential nutrients affected the diversity, abundance, and functional dynamics of microorganisms in the soil, and designed five treatment methods: (1) CK …

Revealing roles of immobilization in microalgae-bacteria symbiosis system for nutrient removal from wastewater.

Limited information is available on immobilization roles in the microalgae-bacteria system for pollutant removal. In this work, nutrient removal performances and pathways were investigated in suspended microalgae-bacteria, immobilized microalgae-bacteria and co-immobilized microalgae-bacteria systems. Alginate immobilization enabled efficient biomass recovery with remarkable settling velocity at 1.88 cm s-1. Co-immobilization achieved the highest total nitrogen (TN) removal (50 %) despite the lowest ammonium removal (84 %). Bacterial nitrification dominated ammonium removal, despite contributi

Nutrient intake, dietary patterns and relationship to symptoms and comorbidities in hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) patients have a high prevalence of Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBI) and can pose complex nutritional challenges, yet little is known about their dietary intake, adequacy or dietary patterns and how this relates to clinical presentation. We aimed to assess this. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, patients with hEDS completed a food frequency questionnaire and questionnaires characterizing: DGBI, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), and use of nutrition support. Principal comp

High prevalence of suboptimal nutrient intake and comorbidities of people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy.

OBJECTIVES: Nutritional alterations are common in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). Suboptimal intake of key nutrients contributes to the development of comorbidities, disease progression, and mortality. We sought to determine the prevalence of suboptimal nutritional intake and evaluate associations with metabolic alterations and immune activation in PLWH on long-term antiretroviral treatment (ART). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study composed of 72 PLWH on ART. Daily intake of macronutrients and micronutrients was calculated. Cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose …

Effect of Multi-Nutrient Milk Fortification on Preterm Neonate Outcomes: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Background/Objectives: Optimal feeding regimens for preterm neonates, including the role of multi-nutrient fortification, are unknown, leading to large practice variation in comparing different feeding regimens that include fortification and their impact on outcomes for preterm infants. Methods: Using a network meta-analyses design, two reviewers independently extracted data. A Cochrane CENTRAL, Medline, Embase, and CINAHL search was conducted for all studies published up to 27 June 2023. Randomized clinical trials of feeding regimens for preterm infants that included multi-nutrient fortificat

Nutrient metabolism and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus: implications for rehabilitation and precision care.

Systemic disruptions in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and micronutrients cause micro- and macro-vascular damage and impede recovery, which is the driving force behind type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Neuropathy, nephropathy, foot ulcers, and sarcopenia are symptoms of persistent hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity, excess branched-chain amino acids, and deficiencies in magnesium, zinc, and vitamin D that impair insulin signaling, mitochondrial integrity, and tissue repair. Functional decline is accelerated in skeletal muscle and peripheral nerves due to advanced glycation end-produc…

Evaluation of the Long-Term Administration of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) in the Mineral Nutrient's Bioavailability.

Nutrient absorption in the human body can be influenced by factors, such as diet and medication use. The interaction between drugs and nutrients may lead to adverse effects, primarily due to reduced levels of essential elements. Therefore, evaluation of these interactions is important to prevent health complications. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), widely used to reduce gastric acid production, have been associated with interactions that may cause disorders. This study aims to assess the continuous use of PPIs and their effect on the bioavailability of Fe, Ca, Zn, Mg, Cu, and K in the diet. Rat…

Evaluating the benefits of hemp leaves in goat diets: nutrient digestibility, growth performance and histomorphology.

This study investigated the influence of hemp leaves in concentrate diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology in goats. Fifteen Thai native × Boer bucks (BW: 16.28 ± 0.35 kg; 4 ± 0.5months old) were randomly assigned to diets containing 0, 2, or 4% hemp leaves and fed for 150 days. Results showed that feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance were unaffected by dietary hemp (P > 0.05), though goats fed 4% hemp leaves exhibited higher neutral detergent fiber intake. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were similar across all groups at 0 and 3 

Аберрантный метаболизм питательных веществ в Т клетках: понимание патогенеза и терапевтическая цель для аутоиммунных заболеваний.

Ненормальная активация и дифференциация клеток Т имеют решающее значение для патогенез аутоиммунных расстройств. Традиционно, активация клеток Т организуется тремя каноническими сигналами: распознаванием антигена через рецептор Т-клеток (TCR) и основным комплексом гистокомпьютерной совместимости (MHC), сигналами совместного стимулятора и сигнализацией цитокина. Последние исследования показали, что питательные вещества являются ключевым четвертым сигналом модуляции иммунитета клеток Т. Метаболизм клеток Т является неотъемлемой частью регулирования распространения клеток, их выживания и дифферен

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Abnormal T-cell activation and differentiation are pivotal in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Traditionally, T cell activation is … (MHC) interaction, co-stimulatory signals, and cytokine signaling. Recent studies have highlighted nutrients as a key fourth signal in modulating T cell immunity. T cell metabolism is integral to regulating cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Dysregulation of nutrient metabolism, including glucose, amino acids, and lipids, has been considere …

The Intersection of Genetic Factors, Aberrant Nutrient Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in the Progression of Cardiometabolic Disease.

Cardiometabolic disease (CMD), which encompasses metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), has been increasing considerably in the past 50 years. CMD is a complex disease that can be influenced by genetics and environmental factors such as diet. With the increased reliance on processed foods containing saturated fats, fructose and cholesterol, a mechanistic understanding of how these molecules cause metabolic disease is required. A major pathway by which excessive nutrients contribute to CMD is through oxidative stress. In …

The relationship between nutrient intake and executive function in adults with post-traumatic stress disorder.

BACKGROUND: Executive function (EF) deficits are common in adults with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Macro- and micronutrient intake are potential modifiable factors that may influence EF in PTSD. OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between the daily dietary intake of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin B12 and folate, and EF in adults with PTSD. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study of adults with PTSD who completed neurocognitive assessments (n = 201). Digit span backwards, spatial span backwards, Stroop t

Examining the Effects of Nutrient Supplementation on Metabolic Pathways via Mitochondrial Ferredoxin in Aging Ovaries.

As women age, oocytes are susceptible to a myriad of dysfunctions, including mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired DNA repair mechanisms, epig … in FDX1 levels among participants receiving nutritional supplementation. We hypothesize that these nutrients potentiate mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) activity or electron transport chain (ETC) efficiency, thereby augmenting FDX1 expression, an essential electron carrier in metabolic pathways, while concurrently mitigating lipid peroxide accu …

MmpL3, Wag31, and PlrA are involved in coordinating polar growth with peptidoglycan metabolism and nutrient availability.

UNLABELLED: Cell growth in mycobacteria involves cell wall expansion that is restricted to the cell poles. The DivIVA homolog Wag31 is required for this process, but the molecular mechanism and protein partners of Wag31 have not been described. In this study of Mycobacterium smegmatis, we identify a connection between wag31 and trehalose monomycolate (TMM) transporter mmpl3 in a suppressor screen and show that Wag31 and polar regulator PlrA are required for MmpL3's polar localization. In addition, the localization of PlrA and MmpL3 is responsive to nutrient and energy deprivation and inhibitio

An integrated tool for cost-effectively applying nutrient management practices for corn, soybeans, and wheat.

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) problem in Lake Erie has become critical recently-primarily triggered by phosphorus losses from cropland in the Maumee River watershed (major crops of corn/soybeans/wheat). Implementing agricultural best management practices (BMPs) is crucial to reduce excess nutrient loadings. Nutrient management is the management of nutrient applications for crop production that maximizes nutrient use efficiencies and minimizes nutrient losses. However, an integrated watershed-scale tool is needed for cost-effectively applying nutrient management practices for corn/soybeans/wheat

The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptors in nutrient metabolism and immune regulation at the maternal-fetal interface.

The maternal-fetal interface is composed of the placenta, which is affiliated with the fetus, and the maternal decidua. During pregnancy, the placenta is mainly responsible for nutrient transport and immune tolerance maintenance, which plays a key role in fetal growth and development and pregnancy maintenance. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that exists in various cell types at the maternal-fetal interface and is involved in multiple cellular processes. Recent studies have highlighted the role of AhR in regulating various physiological processes,

Comparative Evaluation of the Nutrient Composition and Lipidomic Profile of Different Parts of Muscle in the Chaka Sheep.

Mutton is one of the most popular meats among the public due to its high nutritional value. In this study, we compared and analyzed the nutritional composition and volatile flavor substances in longissimus dorsi (LD), psoas major (PM), and biceps femoris (BF) of the Chaka sheep, and then analyzed the lipid composition using the technique of UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS. Our results indicated that the LD had the highest crude protein content (22.63%), the highest levels of aspartic acid (5.72%) and histidine (2.76%), the BF had the highest contents of glycine (3.40%) and proline (2.88%), the

Nutrient and Hormonal Effects on Long Bone Growth in Healthy and Obese Children: A Literature Review.

Longitudinal bone growth is mediated through several mechanisms including macro- and micronutrients, and endocrine and paracrine hormones. These mechanisms can be affected by childhood obesity as excess adiposity may affect signaling pathways, place undue stress on the body, and affect normal physiology. This review describes the physiology of the epiphyseal growth plate, its regulation under healthy weight and obesity parameters, and bone pathology following obesity. A literature review was performed utilizing PubMed, PMC, NIH, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews pertinent to horm…

Applications of Enteroendocrine Cells (EECs) Hormone: Applicability on Feed Intake and Nutrient Absorption in Chickens.

This review focuses on the role of hormones derived from enteroendocrine cells (EECs) on appetite and nutrient absorption in chickens. In response to nutrient intake, EECs release hormones that act on many organs and body systems, including the brain, gallbladder, and pancreas. Gut hormones released from EECs play a critical role in the regulation of feed intake and the absorption of nutrients such as glucose, protein, and fat following feed ingestion. We could hypothesize that EECs are essential for the regulation of appetite and nutrient absorption because the malfunction of EECs causes seve…