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Diagnostic Performance of Machine Learning for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Early and accurate diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its organ involvement is essential. Previous reviews of machine learning (ML) in SLE combined heterogeneous tasks and validation strategies and may have overinterpreted model performance. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of ML and deep learning (DL) models for 3 clinically distinct SLE-related tasks: SLE classification or diagnosis, lupus nephritis (LN) diagnosis, and neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) discrimination. We also assessed methodological quality and certa

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… High AUC values alone do not prove that the model can improve patient outcomes in clinical practice; a model with high discriminative accuracy may still cause net harm if it is poorly calibrated, its decision threshold is inappropriate for the target clinical population, or it leads to overdiagnosis, …

Brazilian Academy of Neurology recommendations for diagnosis, management, and treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP).

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an acquired autoimmune disorder that leads to progressive motor and sensory impairment, resulting in significant morbidity. While the incidence rates vary, CIDP remains a challenging condition requiring a standardized and optimized approach to diagnosis and management. In Brazil, a middle-income country with substantial regional disparities in healthcare access, the availability of specialized neuromuscular centers is uneven, creating obstacles to timely and effective treatment. To address these challenges, the Brazilian Acade

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… SUMMARY Key points of the recommendations: Diagnosis and differential diagnosis: CIDP is often misdiagnosed, with studies indicating high rates of overdiagnosis. …

Anticancer Molecular Mechanisms of Curcuminoids: An Updated Review of Clinical Trials.

Curcuminoids are bioactive polyphenols, mainly extracted from Curcuma longa (turmeric), and have received much attention due to their pleiotropic anticancer properties. Recent evidence suggests that curcumin and analogs prevent the activation of a variety of signaling pathways, including the MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NF-kB pathways, resulting in the induction of apoptosis, prevention of proliferation, and suppression. In addition to these processes, curcumin has been shown to enhance the efficacy of the conventional anti-cancer modalities such as radiation and chemotherapy. By suppressing the expres

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… Although prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) testing has significantly helped in the early identification of the disease in some countries, the uncertainties of overdiagnosis and overtreatment are still concerning (Mottet et al. 2020 ). …

Reporting of surrogate endpoints in randomised controlled trial reports (CONSORT-Surrogate): extension checklist with explanation and elaboration.

Randomised controlled trials commonly use surrogate endpoints to substitute for a target outcome (outcome of direct interest and relevance to trial participants, clinicians, and other stakeholders—eg, all cause mortality) to improve their efficiency (through shorter trial duration, reduced sample size, and thus lower research costs), or for ethical or practical reasons. But reliance on surrogate endpoints can increase the uncertainty of an intervention’s treatment effect and potential failure to provide adequate information on intervention harms, which has led to calls for improved reporting o

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… However, increased detection of small size cancers at screening without a reduction in the incidence of invasive interval cancers among screen negative women in the 2-year interval up to the subsequent screening examination would raise questions regarding the screening benefit and possible overdiagnosis …

Cardiotoxicity Induced by Anticancer Therapies: A Call for Integrated Cardio-Oncology Practice.

The introduction of novel oncologic therapies, including targeted agents, immunotherapies, and antibody-drug conjugates, has transformed the therapeutic landscape of cancer care. This evolution has resulted in a dual clinical scenario; while survival outcomes have markedly improved, leading to a growing population of long-term cancer survivors, an increasing incidence of previously unrecognized treatment-related toxicities has emerged. Among these, cardiovascular adverse events represent some of the most prevalent and clinically significant complications observed in both conventional chemother

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… However, the limitations in accurately predicting the long-term cardiovascular effects of cancer therapies contribute to both underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis of cardiovascular disease. …

Targeting Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Metabolism as a Therapeutic Avenue for Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. More than 65% of men diagnosed with PC are above 65. Patients with localized PC show high long-term survival, however with the disease progression into a metastatic form, it becomes incurable, even after strong radio- and/or chemotherapy. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that participates in all the steps of oncogenesis including tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and metastatic spread. The S1P-producing enzymes sphingosine kinases 1 and 2 (SK1 and SK2), and the S1P degrading enzyme

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… However, it has been shown to lack specificity and therefore, lead to PC overdiagnosis and overtreatment [ 3 ]. The survival rate of PC patients is dependent on early disease diagnosis and available treatment options [ 4 ]. …

Availability of secondary healthcare data for conducting pharmacoepidemiology studies in Colombia: A systematic review.

Real-world evidence (RWE) is emerging as a fundamental component of the post-marketing evaluation of medicinal products. Even though the focus on RWE studies has increased in Colombia, the availability of secondary data sources to perform this type of research is not well documented. Thus, we aimed at identifying and characterizing secondary data sources available in Colombia. We performed a systematic literature review on PubMed, EMBASE, and VHL using a combination of controlled vocabulary and keywords for the concepts of electronic health records, epidemiologic studies and Colombia. A total

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… Less overdiagnosis of kidney cancer? an age‐period‐cohort analysis of incidence trends in 16 populations worldwide. Int J Cancer. 2017;141:925‐932. 268. Zuleta‐Tobón JJ, Pandales‐Pérez H, Sánchez S, Vélez‐Álvarez GA, Velásquez‐Penagos JA. …

Слежка за глазами для оценки легкого когнитивного расстройства: систематический обзор.

Легкое когнитивное расстройство (MCI), представляющее собой «переходную зону» между нормальным когнитивом и слабоумием, стало новой темой в клинических исследованиях. Хотя раннее обнаружение имеет решающее значение, в то же время оно по-прежнему сопряжено с материально-техническими трудностями. В то время как традиционные тесты с использованием перчаток и бумаги требуют углубленной подготовки для обеспечения стандартного управления и точного толкования результатов, значительные технологические достижения ведут к разработке процедур раннего обнаружения болезни Альцгеймера (АЗ) и облегчают диагн

Cancer health disparities in racial/ethnic minorities in the United States.

There are well-established disparities in cancer incidence and outcomes by race/ethnicity that result from the interplay between structural, socioeconomic, socio-environmental, behavioural and biological factors. However, large research studies designed to investigate factors contributing to cancer aetiology and progression have mainly focused on populations of European origin. The limitations in clinicopathological and genetic data, as well as the reduced availability of biospecimens from diverse populations, contribute to the knowledge gap and have the potential to widen cancer health dispar

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… Interestingly, prostate cancer incidence rates have declined over the past 10 years, which might be due in part to the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation 170 in 2012 against routine screening because of concerns of overdiagnosis and overtreatment, as well as other undefined factors …

Abstract Proceedings of the 38th Annual Canadian Association of Psychosocial Oncology (CAPO) Conference, June 2023.

On behalf of the Canadian Association of Psychosocial Oncology, we are pleased to present the Abstracts from the 2023 Annual Conference, titled "Co-designing Psychosocial Oncology: Optimizing Outcomes for All". The conference was held in Montreal from 20 June 2023 to 22 June 2023. This conference brought together key stakeholders including multidisciplinary professionals from nursing, psychology, psychiatry, social work, spiritual care, nutrition, medicine, rehabilitation medicine, occupational health and radiation therapy for both adult and pediatric populations. Participants included clinici

Immune monitoring, immune phenotyping, and precision intervention in severe pneumonia: current evidence and translational challenges

Severe pneumonia remains a major cause of mortality in critically ill patients, with severe community-acquired pneumonia representing a clinically important and representative scenario. This review focuses primarily on severe community-acquired pneumonia as the clinical context, in which outcomes are determined by the interplay between pathogen burden and heterogeneity of host responses. Beyond pathogen-directed therapies, severe pneumonia is frequently characterized by dynamic and partially overlapping states of hyperinflammation, immune dysfunction, and subsequent immunosuppression. Differen

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… Particularly in immunocompromised patients, colonization, latent infection, and true invasive infection often overlap, and reliance solely on pathogen detection results may lead to overdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment. …

Epigenetic modifications in early stage lung cancer: pathogenesis, biomarkers, and early diagnosis.

The integration of liquid biopsy with epigenetic markers offers significant potential for early lung cancer detection and personalized treatment. Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA changes, often precede genetic mutations and are critical in cancer progression. In this study, we explore how liquid biopsy, combined with epigenetic markers, can provide early detection of lung cancer, potentially predicting onset up to 4 years before clinical diagnosis. We discuss the challenges of targeting epigenetic regulators, which could disrupt cellul

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… For example, although low‐dose CT has improved the detection of early‐stage lung cancer in screening, it still poses risks of overdiagnosis and unnecessary interventions. …

Role of Proteins in Oncology: Advances in Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Targeted Therapy-A Narrative Review.

Modern oncology increasingly relies on the role of proteins as key components in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy. This review examines advancements in protein biomarkers across several cancer types, including breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. These biomarkers have proven critical for early detection, treatment response monitoring, and tailoring personalized therapeutic strategies. The article highlights the utility of targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, in improving treatment efficacy while

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… The implementation of MPS2 allows for a more precise identification of patients requiring more intensive diagnostic procedures, minimizing the risk of overdiagnosis and optimizing the management of prostate cancer patient care [ 41 ]. …

ESMO / ASCO Recommendations for a Global Curriculum in Medical Oncology Edition 2016.

The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) are publishing a new edition of the ESMO/ASCO Global Curriculum (GC) thanks to contribution of 64 ESMO-appointed and 32 ASCO-appointed authors. First published in 2004 and updated in 2010, the GC edition 2016 answers to the need for updated recommendations for the training of physicians in medical oncology by defining the standard to be fulfilled to qualify as medical oncologists. At times of internationalisation of healthcare and increased mobility of patients and physicians, the GC aims to p

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… the accuracy of screening tests employed Familiarity with situations where screening has a well-defined role and scenarios where the role is unclear or not yet defined Understanding that screening studies are subject to multiple biases, including healthy volunteer selection bias, lead time bias and overdiagnosis … Ability to recognise the indications for genetic counselling and gene mutation testing when hereditary cancer syndromes are suspected Ability to identify chemopreventive measures that are available for breast, colon, prostate, head and neck, and gynaecological cancers Ability to define the concept of overdiagnosis …

Nanotechnology in Prostate Cancer: PSMA-Targeted Nanoplatforms, TME-Responsive Therapy, Immunomodulation, and Clinical Translation Challenges.

The field of nanotechnology has demonstrated considerable potential in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer, particularly through the use of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted platforms and tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive systems. In the context of diagnosis, nanoparticle-based molecular imaging probes have been shown to enhance detection sensitivity and specificity. These probes include superparamagnetic iron oxide, which is utilized in magnetic resonance imaging, and near-infrared fluorescent nanomicelles. Additionally, nanostructured liquid biopsy systems h

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… However, these factors have also given rise to issues of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. 2 , 4 The PSA test is the most widely used method for prostate cancer screening. …

2022 International Cancer Education Conference Late-Breaking Abstracts

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… Overdiagnosis of melanoma-causes, consequences, and solutions. J Deutch Dermatol Ges 2020;18: 1236-1243. …

Circular RNAs in cancer.

Circular RNA (circRNA), a subtype of noncoding RNA, has emerged as a significant focus in RNA research due to its distinctive covalently closed loop structure. CircRNAs play pivotal roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes, functioning through mechanisms such as miRNAs or proteins sponging, regulation of splicing and gene expression, and serving as translation templates, particularly in the context of various cancers. The hallmarks of cancer comprise functional capabilities acquired during carcinogenesis and tumor progression, providing a conceptual framework that elucidates t

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… CIRCULAR RINGS IN TC: LANDSCAPES OF DYSREGULATED circRNAs IN TC AND PREDICTED ceRNA NETWORKS TC is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy, with a notably increasing incidence globally, resulting in a significant financial burden. 32 The surge in TC diagnoses may stem from the overdiagnosis associated …

Материалы Международного общества по картированию раковых заболеваний (ИСИС) 18th Ежегодный учебный курс: Ментон, Франция. 7-9 октябрь 2018

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… Which has resulted in overtreatment and overdiagnosis of prostate cancer. Furthermore, TRUS-guided biopsies misses a substantial proportion of significant tumors because of sampling error, especially in the anterior part and apical region of the prostate [2]. …

CSI position statement on management of heart failure in India.

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The 11th NORDIC NUTRITION CONFERENCE NNC2016.

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… Benefits gained by improving vitamin D status in relation to overdiagnosis of insufficiency, overtreatment, and potential harms?, Karl Michaëlsson Clinical Nutrition – Disease-related malnutrition 113. … Program no. 112 Benefits gained by improving vitamin D status in relation to overdiagnosis of insufficiency, overtreatment, and potential harms? …