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Thalidomide in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) in an outpatient setting: A five-year retrospective analysis from a leprosy referral centre in India.

Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), or type 2 lepra reaction, is a multi-system immune-mediated complication in patients with multibacillary leprosy, frequently associated with chronicity and recurrences. Management of ENL requires high doses of oral corticosteroids, which may not be universally effective and pose serious adverse effects. Thalidomide has proven to be a steroid-sparing agent and is useful in controlling the reactions. However, many centres do not employ it in outpatient settings due to adverse effects and teratogenicity risk. Hence, we studied the feasibility of treating ENLs and

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… Cyclosporine, pentoxifylline,methotrexate and azathioprine are advocated as alternatives to thalidomide but is unclear to choose the preferred drug, and they are not very effective in patients with severe episodes of prolonged reactions [ 9 , 14 ]. …

Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species Capacity of Tumor Cells with Repurposed Drug as an Anticancer Therapy.

Accumulating evidence shows that elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with cancer initiation, growth, and response to therapies. As concentrations increase, ROS influence cancer development in a paradoxical way, either triggering tumorigenesis and supporting the proliferation of cancer cells at moderate levels of ROS or causing cancer cell death at high levels of ROS. Thus, ROS can be considered an attractive target for therapy of cancer and two apparently contradictory but virtually complementary therapeutic strategies for the regulation of ROS to treat cancer. Desp

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… Moreover, a combined therapy of simvastatin and pentoxifylline effectively activated ERK/AKT, upregulated ROS levels, downregulated p-p38, and inhibited NF- κ B signaling pathway, thereby promoting triple-negative breast cancer cell apoptosis [ 150 ]. … Synergistic promoting effects of pentoxifylline and simvastatin on the apoptosis of triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells International Journal of Oncology 2018 52 4 1246 1254 10.3892/ijo.2018.4272 2-s2.0-85042766817 29436616 151 Buranrat B. Senggunprai L. Prawan A. Kukongviriyapan V. …

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases as drug targets.

Cyclic nucleotides are synthesized by adenylyl and/or guanylyl cyclase, and downstream of this synthesis, the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase families (PDEs) specifically hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides. PDEs control cyclic adenosine-3',5'monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) intracellular levels by mediating their quick return to the basal steady state levels. This often takes place in subcellular nanodomains. Thus, PDEs govern short-term protein phosphorylation, long-term protein expression, and even epigenetic mechanisms by modulating cyclic nucleotide levels

The Use of Human Amniotic Membrane (hAM) as a Treatment Strategy of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature.

Background and objectives: Although it is very uncommon, medication-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw (also known as MRONJ) can have serious consequences. Traditionally, this adverse event has been recognised in patients who were treated with bisphosphonate (BP) drugs. Nevertheless, in recent years, it has been established that individuals having treatment with various types of medications, such as a receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand inhibitor (denosumab) and antiangiogenic agents, have had the same issue. The purpose of this research is to determine if the application of huma

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… However, the literature has documented different kinds of treatments, from the less invasive, such as antimicrobial mouth rinses, systemic antibiotics, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, pentoxifylline, and teriparatide, to the surgical one with different degrees of invasiveness [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. …

The potential of mesenchymal stem cells in the management of radiation enteropathy.

Although radiotherapy is effective in managing abdominal and pelvic malignant tumors, radiation enteropathy is still unavoidable. This disease severely affects the quality of life of cancer patients due to some refractory lesions, such as intestinal ischemia, mucositis, ulcer, necrosis or even perforation. Current drugs or prevailing therapies are committed to alleviating the symptoms induced by above lesions. But the efficacies achieved by these interventions are still not satisfactory, because the milieus for tissue regeneration are not distinctly improved. In recent years, regenerative ther

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… Additionally, intestinal adhesion following surgery and dystrophia induced by removing a large portion of intestine adversely affect patient quality of life. 9 In recent years, the outcome from clinical studies exhibited the effectiveness of Pentoxifylline-Vitamin E in preventing intestinal fibrosis. … 24280407 10.1016/j.gtc.2013.08.004 Spinelli A Correale C Szabo H Montorsi M Intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease: medical treatment or surgery Curr Drug Targets 2010 11 242 248 19916949 10.2174/138945010790309984 Gothard L Cornes P Brooker S Earl J Glees J Hall E Phase II study of vitamin E and pentoxifylline …

Statins: a repurposed drug to fight cancer.

As competitive HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, statins not only reduce cholesterol and improve cardiovascular risk, but also exhibit pleiotropic effects that are independent of their lipid-lowering effects. Among them, the anti-cancer properties of statins have attracted much attention and indicated the potential of statins as repurposed drugs for the treatment of cancer. A large number of clinical and epidemiological studies have described the anticancer properties of statins, but the evidence for anticancer effectiveness of statins is inconsistent. It may be that certain molecular subt

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… formation and downregulating prenylated Rab7 | [ 77 ] Simvastatin | In vitro | 0–100 μM | Doxorubicin | Simvastatin acts synergistically with the anticancer drug doxorubicin against MCF-7 cells through a downregulation of the cell cycle or induction of apoptosis | [ 78 ] Simvastatin | In vitro | 0–100 μM | Pentoxifylline … | The combined use of pentoxifylline and simvastatin may drive dormant autophagic cancer cells to undergo apoptosis | [ 79 ] Simvastatin | In vitro and vivo | 0–10 μM (In vitro) 5 mg/kg (In vivo) | - | Simvastatin induces derepression of PTEN expression via NF-κB to inhibit breast cancer cell growth …

Pharmacological Therapies for the Management of Inflammatory Bone Resorption in Periodontal Disease: A Review of Preclinical Studies.

Periodontitis, a highly prevalent multicausal chronic inflammatory and destructive disease, develops as a result of complex host-parasite interactions. Dysbiotic bacterial biofilm in contact with the gingival tissues initiates a cascade of inflammatory events, mediated and modulated by the host's immune response, which is characterized by increased expression of several inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines in the connective tissue. If periodontal disease (PD) is left untreated, it results in the destruction of the supporting tissues around the teeth, including periodontal li

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… positive impact on the subgingival microbial profile in rats with diabetes and ligature-induced bone loss Queiroz-Junior et al. (2013) [ 117 ] | Animals: 40 C57BL6 male mice of 6 weeks of age Disease model: mice underwent antigen-induced chronic arthritis (AIA) Treatment: intraperitoneal administration of pentoxifylline … Another study investigated anti-TNF- α effects with pentoxifylline in an experimental mouse model of chronic antigen-induced arthritis- (AIA-) associated PD [ 117 ]. …

A review of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection.

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an infectious disease characterized by non-specific laboratory changes and clinical signs. Clinical symptoms include anorexia, jaundice, fever, and weight loss. Moreover, some lesions are found in the digestive and respiratory systems. FIP, whose virulence varies, cannot be distinguished using several diagnostic methods. Moreover, feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) can be classified into two serotypes based on differences in their amino acid sequences, spike (S) protein sequences, and antibody (Ab) neutralization. There are two pathotypes, namely those caused b

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… Pentoxifylline is extensively used in FIP because it effectively reduces vasculitis in humans, a crucial aspect of the etiology of FIP. … However, a trial involving 23 cats with confirmed FIP showed that pentoxifylline had no impact on life duration, quality of life, or other FIP-related factors in clinical or laboratory settings [ 69 ]. …

'Nelfinavir sensitizes a clinically relevant chemo-radioresistant cervical cancer in-vitro model by targeting the AKT-USP15/USP11-HPV16 E6/E7 axis.

Resistance to standard therapies is a major challenge in managing cervical cancer, often leading to systemic relapse. This study aimed to develop an in-vitro model of chemo-radioresistant cervical cancer that mimics clinical conditions and also explore the therapeutic potential of the repurposed drug nelfinavir, an HIV protease inhibitor. HPV16-positive SiHa cervical cancer cells were subjected to concurrent cisplatin and ionizing radiation, to simulate the clinical treatment regimen for locally advanced cervical cancer. The resulting chemo-radioresistant subline exhibited increased IC50-value

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… Pentoxifylline sensitizes cisplatin-resistant human cervical cancer cells to cisplatin treatment: involvement of mitochondrial and NF-kappa B pathways. Front. Oncol. 2020 Dec 16;10 doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.592706. 26. Chen X.-L., Wang H., Zhang X.-M., Liu H.-Q., Liu S.-L. …

MRONJ of the Mandible-From Decortication to a Complex Jaw Reconstruction Using a CAD/CAM-Guided Bilateral Scapula Flap.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) has been an integral part of the maxillofacial patient population for some time. The therapeutic concept ranges from conservative approaches over less extended decortications to major jaw resections, which can result in a considerable loss of quality of life. Based on three case reports, this paper presents the long-term history of patients with MRONJ of the mandible, whose disease ultimately resulted in partial or total mandibular resection and subsequent multisegmental reconstruction using a microvascular anastomosed bone flap. Furthermore,

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… Examples are the use of pentoxifylline and vitamin E, teriparatide, or hyperbaric oxygen therapy [ 13 , 14 ]. The disease challenges the skills of dentists and maxillofacial surgeons alike. …

Effect of Bacterial Nanocellulose with Chemisorbed Antiseptics on Alveolar Bone Repair in Rats Undergoing Bisphosphonate Therapy.

Objectives: This work investigated the effect of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) alone or with chemisorbed chlorhexidine or povidone-iodine on post-tooth extraction repair in rats undergoing bisphosphonate therapy. Methods: Forty Wistar rats were treated with zoledronic acid, subjected to tooth extractions and allocated into groups according to the material inserted in the post-extraction socket: (1) BNC (n = 10); (2) BNC/Iodine (n = 10); (3) BNC/Chlorhex (n = 10); (4) Control (n = 10). Maxillae were dissected and macro- and microscopically analyzed. Results: Oral lesion frequency on macroscopic

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… Conventional approaches such as antimicrobials and surgical interventions, or alternative ones such as laser therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, ozone therapy, platelet-rich plasma and pentoxifylline/tocopherol have been used [ 2 , 9 , 10 ]. …

SETDB1 induces lenalidomide resistance in multiple myeloma cells via epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and PI3K/AKT pathway activation.

SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase 1 (SETDB1) is a histone H3K9 methyltransferase that stimulates cell proliferation by methylating AKT, which contributes to drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM). Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent widely used in the treatment of MM. However, lenalidomide resistance occurs in patients with MM. Currently, the role of SETDB1 in lenalidomide resistance in MM remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the functional association between SETDB1 and lenalidomide resistance in MM. The analysis of GEO datasets revealed that

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… promotes gastric cancer cell migration and invasion via IGF-1R upregulation and subsequent activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway Life Sci 278 119522 2021 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119522 33894267 45 Bakr AG El-Bahrawy AH Taha HH Ali FEM Diosmin enhances the anti-angiogenic activity of sildenafil and pentoxifylline …

Analysis of different therapeutic protocols for osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with oral and intravenous bisphosphonates.

INTRODUCTION: Chemotherapy-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw caused by bisphosphonates is an exposure of necrotic bone with more than eight weeks of evolution that is attributable to bisphosphonates and no prior radiation therapy. Its etiopathogenesis remains unknown, although there are two hypotheses that may explain it: the drug's mechanism of action, and the risk factors that can lead to osteonecrosis. There is a wide range of treatment options for managing chemotherapy-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw, from conservative treatments to surgical procedures of varying levels of invasivene

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… Management of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis: pentoxifylline and tocopherol in addition to antimicrobial therapy. An initial case series. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010;110:593–6. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.05.067. 23. …

Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Prospective Clinical Study.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) represents an adverse side effect of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic medications. It is associated with impaired quality of life, oral health, and oral function and can be classified into various stages. The purpose of this prospective clinical study is to evaluate the impact of stages I and II MRONJ on oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and related parameters. Patients' OHRQoL, satisfaction with life, oral discomfort, and oral health were assessed using the German version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-G49), visual analo

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… Pentoxifylline and tocopherol protocol to treat medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: A systematic literature review. J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg. 2020;48:1080–1086. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2020.09.008. 2. …

Osteonecrosis of the Jaw and Antiresorptive Agents in Benign and Malignant Diseases: A Critical Review Organized by the ECTS.

CONTEXT: Antiresorptive therapy significantly reduces fracture risk in patients with benign bone disease and skeletal-related events (SREs) in patients with bone metastases (BM). Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a rare but severe condition manifested as necrotic bone lesion or lesions of the jaws. ONJ has been linked to the use of potent antiresorptive agents, termed medication-related ONJ (MRONJ). OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify the differences various aspects of MRONJ among distinct patient categories and provide recommendations on how to mitigate the risk and optimally manage MRONJ in eac

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… Leukocyte and platelet rich fibrin membrane placement ( 183 , 222 , 223 ) | • Preoperative antibiotic treatment followed by laser and wound local treatment with platelet-rich plasma applications ( 224 ) • Ozone ( 225 ) | • Surgical debridement in combination with platelet-derived growth factor ( 183 ) • Pentoxifylline …

Cancer cachexia--pathophysiology and management.

About half of all cancer patients show a syndrome of cachexia, characterized by anorexia and loss of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mass. Cachexia can have a profound impact on quality of life, symptom burden, and a patient's sense of dignity. It is a very serious complication, as weight loss during cancer treatment is associated with more chemotherapy-related side effects, fewer completed cycles of chemotherapy, and decreased survival rates. Numerous cytokines have been postulated to play a role in the etiology of cancer cachexia. Cytokines can elicit effects that mimic leptin signaling a

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… Second-line treatments: cannabinoids ⑥, cyproheptadine ⑥, branched-chain amino acids ⑤ ⑥, metoclopramide ② ⑥, eicosapentanoic acid ① ④ ⑤, 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine ①, melatonin ①, thalidomide ①, β2-adrenoceptor agonists ⑤, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ① ⑥, others anabolic steroids ⑤, pentoxifylline … Second-line treatments: cannabinoids ⑥, cyproheptadine ⑥, branched-chain amino acids ⑤ ⑥, metoclopramide ② ⑥, eicosapentanoic acid ① ④ ⑤, 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine ①, melatonin ①, thalidomide ①, β2-adrenoceptor agonists ⑤, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ① ⑥, others anabolic steroids ⑤, pentoxifylline …

Efficacy and safety of thalidomide for recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is considered as the most common oral mucosal lesion affecting up to 25% of people worldwide. Thalidomide has been reported for the treatment of RAS, but the evidence has not been systematically evaluated. We first systematically reviewed the efficacy and safety of thalidomide for the treatment of RAS. METHODS: We searched The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang Data, and VIP information from inception to December 2023. Ran

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… mg/d for 2 weeks, 25 mg/d for remaining duration | vitamin B1 × 3/d | 6 months | complete response, partial response Mimura [ 28 ] | major RAS | 4arm RCT | G1: 7 | G2: 9 G3: 10 G4: 5 | G1: thalidomide 100 mg/d | G2: dapsone 100 mg/day maintenance dose G3: colchicine 1.5 mg/day maintenance dose G4: pentoxifylline …

Evaluation of Preventive Role of Systemically Applied Erythropoietin after Tooth Extraction in a Bisphosphonate-Induced MRONJ Model.

Background and Objectives: In this experimental study, the prophylactic effect of systemically administered erythropoietin (EPO) in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The osteonecrosis model was established using 36 Sprague Dawley rats. EPO was systemically applied before and/or after tooth extraction. Groups were formed based on the application time. All samples were evaluated histologically, histomorphometrically, and immunohistochemically. A statistically significant difference in new bone formation was observed between the groups (p <

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… Preventive Effect of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Pentoxifylline Against Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: An Animal Study J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2017 75 2354 2368 10.1016/j.joms.2017.04.017 28529150 45. Hankenson K.D. Dishowitz M. Gray C. Schenker M. …

Effectiveness of surgery and hyperbaric oxygen for antiresorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: A subgroup analysis by disease stage.

Antiresorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ) is an adverse event induced by antiresorptive agents (ARAs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate variables, mainly surgery and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy, associated with treatment outcomes in patients with a diagnosis of ARONJ at a single center. We enrolled consecutive patients who presented to our hospital for the management of stage 2 or 3 ARONJ between January 2003 and December 2019. The relationship between potentially predictive factors and outcome variables was examined using statistical analyses, along with a sub

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… Nonsurgical treatment includes antimicrobial mouth rinses, systemic antibiotics, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy, pentoxifylline, and teriparatide. Surgical treatment includes curettage, sequestrectomy, debridement, saucerization, and surgical resection [ 4 ]. …

New insights into therapeutic strategies for the treatment of peritoneal fibrosis: learning from histochemical analyses of animal models.

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a fatal complication that can occur in patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis. It is characterized by bowel obstruction and marked sclerotic thickening of the peritoneal membrane. Although the mechanisms underlying the development of EPS are complex, angiogenesis, inflammation, and peritoneal fibrosis are known to be essential factors. Now, several animal models that exhibit EPS have pathophysiology similar to that of human EPS and have been proposed for use in research to provide insights into it. Recent histochemical methods also help us

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… J. (2012) Fibrin-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of peritoneal mesothelial cells as a mechanism of peritoneal fibrosis: effects of pentoxifylline. PLoS One 7; e44765. 20. …