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Effect of Parkinson Disease on Emotion Perception Using the Persian Affective Voices Test.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Emotion perception plays a major role in proper communication with people in different social interactions. Nonve … Persian version of the MAV, the Persian Affective Voices (PAV), for emotions of happiness, sadness, pleasure, pain, anger, disgust, fear, surprise, and neutrality. The results of the recordings of five of the actresses and five of the actors who obtained the highest score were used to generate the test. For convergent validity assessment, the correlation b …

Adolescents' motives for selling sex in a welfare state - A Swedish national study.

In addition to money or other compensation, other motives for selling sex may be important in a welfare country such as Sweden. The aim of t … o more often receive money as compensation and selling sex to a person over 25 years of age, and 3) Pleasure or no underlying motive for selling sex reported, who were mostly heterosexual males selling sex to a person under 25 years of age, the buyer was not known from the Internet, the reward was seldom money and this group was less exposed to penetrative …

Experiences of burnout among drug counselors in a large opioid treatment program: A qualitative investigation.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about possible experiences of burnout among drug counselors in opioid treatment programs that are scaling up capacity to address the current opioid treatment gap. METHODS: Participants in this quality improvement study were 31 drug counselors employed by large opioid treatment programs whose treatment capacities were expanding. Experiences of burnout and approaches for managing and/or preventing burnout were examined using individual semi-structured interviews, which were audiotaped, transcribed, and systematically coded by a multidisciplinary team using grounded t

The Phosphodiasterase 5-Inhibitors (PDE-5i) for Erectile Dysfunction (ED): A Therapeutic Challenge For Psychiatrists.

Erectile function (EF) is a prerequisite for satisfactory sexual intercourse (SI) and central to male sexual functioning. Satisfactory SI eventually initiates orgasm - a biopsychophysiological state of euphoria - leading to a sense of bliss, enjoyment and positive mental well being. For a psychiatrist, treating ED is self-propelled to harmonize these pleasurable experiences alongside with encouragement of physical wellness and sensuality. Hence, the role of PDE-5i is pivotal in this context and constitutes a therapeutic challenge. PDE-5i work via the dopaminergic-oxytocin-nitric oxide pathway

Chronic pramipexole treatment induces compulsive behavior in rats with 6-OHDA lesions of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area.

Dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) reduces motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), but also induces impulsive-compulsive behavior (ICB) in up to 25% of PD patients. These non-motor side effects of DRT generally follow a gradual transition from impulsive to compulsive-like-i.e. repetitive, compelled, and non-pleasurable-behavior. Here, we investigated the effect of chronic pramipexole (PPX) treatment on the onset of compulsive-like behavior, measured via the post-training signal attenuation (PTSA) procedure, in rats with dopaminergic lesions. Accordingly, we aimed to mimic chronic DRT in a

Impact of STN-DBS on mood, drive, anhedonia and risk of psychiatric side-effects in the population of PD patients.

BACKGROUND: DBS is a surgical method of choice for various movement disorders, especially for Parkinson's disease (PD). Many publications sh … CONCLUSIONS: The survey results confirm the effect of stimulation on mood, drive, ability to feel pleasure. Psychiatric side effects such as phase change were rare and mild, while psychotic symptoms that occurred in one patient ware manageable through medication. Further intensive research in this topic are required.

Decreased expression of 5-HT1A in the circumvallate taste cells in an animal model of depression.

OBJECTIVE: It has been reported that stress can cause anhedonia, a core symptom of depression, and also affect taste responses of the stressed subjects. Anhedonia refers to a reduction of the ability to experience pleasure, which can be detected by decreased response to palatable food in rats. The present study was conducted to examine if stress-induced anhedonia is accompanied by changes in gene expression for taste. DESIGN: For anhedonia test, rats had free choices of cookies, a palatable food, and chow for 1h following 1h of daily restraint sessions. To examine the development of behaviora…

Сексуальные надругательства над детьми, сексуальные мотивы и взятие подростков на себя сексуальных рисков среди мужчин и женщин, получающих услуги по охране детства

Сексуальное надругательство над детьми (СПД) связано с многочисленными негативными последствиями, включая повышение риска сексуального поведения. До настоящего времени большинство исследований по вопросу о взаимосвязи между ККА и рискованным сексом в подростковом возрасте носили ограниченный характер, при этом основное внимание уделялось мужчинам и молодежи, получающим услуги по охране детства. В данном исследовании приняли участие 297 молодых людей (средний возраст: 15,98; УР = 1,01, 57,6% женщин) из системы социального обеспечения детей, которые сообщили о том, что на момент проведения обсле

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with multiple negative outcomes, including increased risky sexual behavior. To date, the majority … d to females with CSA. Males with no CSA had stronger sexual motives for enhancement (e.g., feeling pleasure) compared to females with no CSA. Mediation analyses revealed a significant indirect effect for coping motives for males: CSA was associated with increased motives to use sex for coping which was associated with increased sexual risk-taking. These f …

The users of Novel Psychoactive Substances: Online survey about their characteristics, attitudes and motivations.

BACKGROUND: The increasing number of Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) constitutes a challenge for public health agencies and researchers … ve experience of both traditional and novel drugs. The main incentive for use of NPS in general was pleasure and enjoyment. However, going beyond the general approach to NPS revealed significant variations between drug groups. For example, the use of hallucinogens was substantially motivated by self-exploration and spiritual attainment and showed very low …

Examining Penile Sensitivity in Neonatally Circumcised and Intact Men Using Quantitative Sensory Testing.

PURPOSE: Little is known about the long-term implications of neonatal circumcision on the penile sensitivity of adult men, despite recent pu … s. Future research should consider the direct link between penile sensitivity and the perception of pleasure/sensation. Results are relevant to policy makers, parents of male children and the general public.

Screening Performance for Frailty Among Older Patients With Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study of Two Approaches.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the screening performance for frailty of the Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13) and the 2-step approach consisting of the VES-13 plus the anhedonia (loss of interest or pleasure) item from Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) among older patients with newly diagnosed cancer. METHODS: This study involved 106 consecutive inpatients aged 65 years or older, newly diagnosed with malignant lymphoma or multiple myeloma, just before chemotherapy initiation. The participants were administered the VES-13, and also underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), incl…

Hedonic hunger and binge eating among women with eating disorders.

BACKGROUND: Hedonic hunger, the appetitive drive to eat to obtain pleasure in the absence of an energy deficit, is associated with overeating and with loss of control over eating, but has not been investigated among individuals with eating disorders. OBJECTIVE: (1) to compare participants with anorexia nervosa, restricting type (AN-R), anorexia nervosa, binge-purge type (AN-B/P), and bulimia nervosa (BN) on scores on the Power of Food Scale (PFS), a self-report measure of hedonic hunger; (2) to examine the relation between PFS scores and frequency of binge eating; and (3) to examine whether p…

Vision specific quality of life in children with optic pathway gliomas.

Children with optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) frequently experience vision loss from their tumors. Most pediatric OPG research has focused on radiographic and visual outcomes, yet the impact of vision loss on quality of life (QOL) in children with OPGs has not been studied. The present study prospectively recruited children ≤ 10 years of age with sporadic or neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-related OPGs. Vision specific QOL was assessed by parent proxy using the Children's Visual Function Questionnaire (CVFQ), and scores were analyzed according to magnitude of visual acuity (VA) loss and presence o

Nicotine vaccines.

Smoking is a global healthcare problem. Current smoking cessation rates using behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapeutic interventions have had modest success, with ∼1:5 smokers remaining abstinent long-term. Nicotine vaccines are a new class of immunotherapeutics under development. It is believed that anti-nicotine antibodies arising from vaccination capture nicotine and prevent or reduce its entry into the brain, as the antibody-bound nicotine is too large to cross the blood-brain barrier. This in turn decreases the pleasurable effects of smoking, reducing or eliminating positive reinforc

Preclinical Pharmacology, Efficacy and Safety of Varenicline in Smoking Cessation and Clinical Utility in High Risk Patients.

Smoking is still the most prominent cause of preventable premature death in the United States and an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Although the current treatments such as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and bupropion are effective, long-term abstinence rates are low. Mechanism studies suggest that the pleasurable effects of smoking are mediated predominantly by nicotine, which activates the brain reward system by activation of brain α(4)β(2) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Varenicline is a novel α(4)β(2) nAChR partial agonist and has been foun

Subchronic nandrolone administration reduces cocaine-induced dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine outflow in the rat nucleus accumbens.

RATIONALE: The abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) is not only a problem in the world of sports but is associated with the polydrug use of nonathletes. Investigations of the neurochemical effects of AAS have focused in part on the monoaminergic systems, involving, among other things, the development of dependence. We have previously shown that pretreatment with nandrolone decanoate attenuates dose-dependently the increase in extracellular dopamine (DA) concentration evoked by amphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioyxymethamphetamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). OBJECTIVES: The aim of thi

Regulatory focus and attitudes to migrants.

In two studies we examined the role of two regulatory foci (i.e., prevention and promotion) in predicting Australian's attitudes to different types of migrants. According to regulatory focus theory, promotion-focused self-regulation is concerned with nurturance and accomplishment needs and involves the pursuit of wishes and aspirations. As such, it results in sensitivity to positive outcomes and to relative pleasure from gains. On the other hand, prevention-focused self-regulation is concerned with security needs and is directed at meeting duties and obligations. As such, it results in sensiti…

LEI (Lack of tEstosterone Impact) survey in a clinical sample with surgical menopause.

OBJECTIVES: To assess perception of sexuality and awareness of the impact of testosterone on sexual desire in a clinical sample of Italian w … included reduced sexual desire (17.8%), sexual dysfunction (5.1%) and fears of giving pain/lack of pleasure (28.3%). A high number of women (88.2%) would be willing to discuss sexual matters with their doctors and would consider therapeutic options. Only 36.8% were aware that a lack of testosterone might impact on sexual desire but 71% would like to know …

Evaluation of the Divine Proportion in the facial profile of young females.

BACKGROUND: Beauty is the phenomenon of experiencing pleasure, through the perception of balance. According to some authors, attractive faces have ideal proportions that are related to the Divine Proportion (1.618:1). AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Divine Proportion in the human profile and investigate the effects of this ratio on the perception of the beauty of the profile. STUDY AND DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the mentioned aims. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, fifty females in the age range of 20-25 years, with accep…

Depressive symptoms as a predictor of sexual risk among African American adolescents and young adults.

PURPOSE: To understand the prospective relationship between depressive symptoms and sexual risk behavior among a community sample of African American adolescents. METHODS: African American adolescents (n = 415) who participated in a larger multi-site human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention program provided baseline data on demographics, psychosocial context and depressive symptoms. At six-month follow-up, data were collected regarding sexual activity in the past 90 days. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to determine the prospective relationship between depressive symptoms