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Sex-Specific Associations With Abnormal Myocardial Flow Reserve in Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Insights From a Real-World Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride SPECT Study.

BACKGROUND: Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMVD) is prevalent in non-obstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD), and potential sex-related determinants remain incompletely characterized. This study explored sex-specific associations with abnormal myocardial flow reserve (MFR) using cadmium-zinc-telluride single-photon emission computed tomography (CZT-SPECT) in a real-world cohort. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 393 NOCAD patients (56.7% female) undergoing CZT-SPECT. Abnormal MFR was defined as < 2.5. Candidate variables were identified through group comparisons (p < 0.10) and uni

A greener protocol for the synthesis of phosphorochalcogenoates: Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities.

In this contribution, a metal- and base-free protocol has been developed for the synthesis of phosphorochalcogenoates (Se and Te) by using DMSO as solvent at 50 °C. A variety of phosphorochalcogenoates were prepared from diorganyl dichalcogenides and H-phosphonates, leading to the formation of a Chal-P(O) bond, in a rapid procedure with good to excellent yields. A full structural elucidation of products was accessed by 1D and 2D NMR, IR, CGMS, and HRMS analyses, and a stability evaluation of the phosphorochalcogenoates was performed for an effective operational description of this simple and f

Ultra-low-dose computed tomography for attenuation correction of cadmium-zinc-telluride single photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging.

BACKGROUND: The applicability of ultra-low-dose computed tomography (CT) for attenuation correction (AC) of single-photon-emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI) remains elusive. METHODS AND RESULTS: One-hundred patients underwent one-day 99mTc-tetrofosmin stress-rest MPI and non-contrast enhanced cardiac CT with 120, 80, and 70 kilovolt peak (kVp) tube voltage and tube current of 200 milliamperes for creation of AC maps. Normalized percent myocardial uptake from SPECT-MPI using 80 kVp scans for AC showed excellent correlation vs AC from 120 kVp scans for stress

Monitoring HSV-TK/ganciclovir cancer suicide gene therapy using CdTe/CdS core/shell quantum dots.

To be able to label a gene and monitor its migration are key important approaches for the clinical application of cancer suicide gene therapy. Photonic nanomaterials are introduced in this work. One of the most promised suicide genes - herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene - is successfully linked with CdTe/CdS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) via EDC/NHS coupling method. From confocal microscopy it was demonstrated that plasmid TK intracellular trafficking can be effectively and distinctly traced via monitoring the luminescence of the QDs up to 96 h after transfection of QDs-TK con

Multifactorial determinants that govern nanoparticle uptake by human endothelial cells under flow.

Vascular endothelium is a potential target for therapeutic intervention in diverse pathological processes, including inflammation, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis. By virtue of their intravascular topography, endothelial cells are exposed to dynamically changing mechanical forces that are generated by blood flow. In the present study, we investigated the interactions of negatively charged 2.7 nm and 4.7 nm CdTe quantum dots and 50 nm silica particles with cultured endothelial cells under regulated shear stress (SS) conditions. Cultured cells within the engineered microfluidic channels were exp

Self-illuminating quantum dots for highly sensitive in vivo real-time luminescent mapping of sentinel lymph nodes.

Quantum dots (QDs) show promise as novel nanomaterials for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping through their use in noninvasive in vivo fluorescence imaging, and they have provided remarkable results. However, in vivo fluorescence imaging has limitations mainly reflected in the strong autofluorescence and low deepness of tissue penetration associated with this technique. Here, we report on the use of self-illuminating 3-mercaptopropionic acid-capped CdTe/CdS QDs for mouse axillary SLN mapping by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, which was found to overcome these limitations [corrected].

Using cadmium telluride quantum dots as a proton flux sensor and applying to detect H9 avian influenza virus.

Semiconductor nanocrystals, often known as quantum dots, have been used extensively for a wide range of applications in bioimaging and biosensing. In this article, we report that the pH-sensitive cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots (QDs) were used as a proton sensor to detect proton flux that was driven by ATP synthesis in chromatophores. To confirm that these QD-labeled chromatophores were responding to proton flux pumping driven by ATP synthesis, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) was used as an inhibitor of ATPase activity. Furthermore, we applied the QD-labeled chromatophores as a viru

Cardio-pulmonary involvement in pulmonary arterial hypertension: A perfusion and innervation scintigraphic evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by the right ventricle (RV) remodeling and pulmonary endothelial dysfunction. We studied cardiac perfusion and innervation in PAH with a cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) scanner and lung uptake impairment of 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG). METHODS: In 13 patients with newly diagnosed PAH and 11 dilated cardiomyopathies (DCM, for comparative purposes), we assessed early and delayed 123I-MIBG uptake ratios of lung-to-mediastinum (L/M) and heart-to-mediastinum (H/M) on anterior planar images. A quantitative myocardial inner

Left Ventricular Function Assessment Using 2 Different Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride Cameras Compared with a γ-Camera with Cardiofocal Collimators: Dynamic Cardiac Phantom Study and Clinical Validation.

UNLABELLED: This study compared two SPECT cameras with cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) detectors to a conventional Anger camera with cardiofocal collimators for the assessment of left ventricular (LV) function in a phantom and patients. METHODS: A gated dynamic cardiac phantom was used. Eighteen acquisitions were processed on each CZT camera and the conventional camera. The total number of counts within a myocardial volume of interest varied from 0.25 kcts to 1.5 Mcts. Ejection fraction was set to 33%, 45%, or 60%. Volume, LV ejection fraction (LVEF), regional wall thickening, and motion (17-seg

ABC transporters affect the elimination and toxicity of CdTe quantum dots in liver and kidney cells.

This paper aimed to investigate the role of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporters on the efflux and the toxicity of nanoparticles in liver and kidney cells. In this study, we synthesized CdTe quantum dots (QDs) that were monodispersed and emitted green fluorescence (maximum peak at 530nm). Such QDs tended to accumulate in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2), human kidney cells 2 (HK-2), and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, and cause significant toxicity in all the three cell lines. Using specific inhibitors and inducers of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and multidrug

Simultaneous quantitation of cytokeratin-19 fragment and carcinoembryonic antigen in human serum via quantum dot-doped nanoparticles.

A novel quantum dot-doped polystyrene nanoparticles-based lateral flow test strips (QPs-LFTS) system was developed to simultaneously detect a cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in human serum to aid the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer. Quantum dot-doped carboxylate-functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles (QPs) were prepared and introduced as fluorescent reporters in QPs-LFTS. The detection was based on a sandwich immunoassay and performed on lateral flow test strips, with an assay time of 15min. The strips were read by a fluorescence strip reader to

Highly luminescent chitosan-L-cysteine functionalized CdTe quantum dots film: synthesis and characterization.

The present work describes synthesis of water soluble L-cysteine-functionalized CdTe quantum dots (QDs) with size tunable emission at different time intervals for chitosan based film. The characterization of the synthesized CdTe QDs-chitosan film was made by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The optical property of CdTe QDs-chitosan film was determined by UV-vis and photo-luminescence (PL) spectroscopy whereas their antibacterial activity was

Cadmium telluride quantum dot nanoparticle cytotoxicity and effects on model immune responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

This study examines dose effects of cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe-QDs) from two commercial sources on model macrophages (J774A.1) and colonic epithelial cells (HT29). Effects on cellular immune signalling responses were measured following sequential exposure to QDs and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA01. At CdTe-QD concentrations between 10(-2) and 10 µg/ml, cells exhibited changes in metabolism and morphology. Confocal imaging revealed QD internalisation and changes in cell-cell contacts, shapes and internal organisations. QD doses below 10(-2) µg/ml caused no observed effects. When QD

Bioeffects of CdTe quantum dots on human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Quantum dots (QDs) hold great potential for applications in nanomedicine, however, their health effects are largely unknown. In the present study, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of CdTe QDs were examined in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The QDs exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on cell growth. It was shown that after a 12 h treatment QDs at 1, 10, and 50 microg x ml(-1) induced formation of yH2AX foci, indicative of DNA damage, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, QD treatment clearly induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pre-treatment with

Gambogic Acid as a Candidate for Cancer Therapy: A Review.

Gambogic acid (GA), a kind of dry resin secreted by the Garcinia hanburyi tree, is a natural active ingredient with various biological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-bacterial effects, etc. An increasing amount of evidence indicates that GA has obvious anti-cancer effects via various molecular mechanisms, including the induction of apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest and the inhibition of invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis. In order to improve the efficacy in cancer treatment, nanometer drug delivery systems have been employed to load GA and form mice

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… system for co-delivering docetaxel and MMP-9 shRNA, which could rapidly trigger and simultaneously release the docetaxel (DTX), GA and MMP-9 shRNA in response to cytoplasmic reducing reagents resulting in greater anti-tumor efficacy. 121 Moreover, Zhou et al synthesized cysteamine-modified cadmium tellurium … Synergetic effect of functional cadmium–tellurium quantum dots conjugated with gambogic acid for HepG2 cell-labeling and proliferation inhibition. Int J Nanomed . 2013;8:3729–3736. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S51622 121. Kang YA, Lu L, Lan JS, et al. …

99mTechnetium pyrophosphate scintigraphy with cadmium zinc telluride cameras is a highly sensitive and specific imaging modality to diagnose transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis.

BACKGROUND: Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR) is a rare, but underdiagnosed, cardiomyopathy. Traditionally diagnosed invasively, ATTR can be diagnosed with non-invasive 99mTechnetium pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) planar scintigraphy. Non-planar imaging has not been validated for ATTR diagnosis. Here, we develop and validate a Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) protocol for diagnosing ATTR. METHODS: Forty-three subjects (24 ATTR, 19 non-ATTR) were imaged with Philips Dual-Head Anger (planar) and General Electric CZT cameras. Myocardial uptake was quantified by heart-to-contralateral (H/CL) ratios

Absolute Myocardial Blood Flow and Flow Reserve Assessed by Gated SPECT with Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride Detectors Using 99mTc-Tetrofosmin: Head-to-Head Comparison with 13N-Ammonia PET.

UNLABELLED: Recent advances in SPECT technology including cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) semiconductor detector material may pave the way for absolute myocardial blood flow (MBF) measurements by SPECT. The aim of the present study was to compare K1 uptake rate constants as surrogates of absolute MBF and myocardial flow reserve index (MFRi) in humans as assessed with a CZT SPECT camera versus PET. METHODS: Absolute MBF was assessed in 28 consecutive patients undergoing adenosine stress-rest myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) by 99mTc-tetrofosmin CZT SPECT and 13N-ammonia PET, and MFR was calcula

Cancer Cell Targeting Using Folic Acid/Anti-HER2 Antibody Conjugated Fluorescent CdSe/CdS/ZnS-Mercaptopropionic Acid and CdTe-Mercaptosuccinic Acid Quantum Dots.

CdSe/CdS/ZnS and CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized by successive ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique and direct aqueous synthesis respectively using thiol stabilizers. Synthesized CdSe/CdS/ZnS and CdTe QDs stabilized with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) were used as fluorescent labels after conjugation with folic acid (FA) and anti-HER2 antibodies. Photoluminescence quantum yield of folated CdSe/CdS/ZnS-MPA and CdTe-MSA QDs was 59% and 77% than that of non-folated hydrophilic QDs. The folate receptor-mediated delivery of folic acid-conjugat

Non-invasive near infrared fluorescence imaging of CdHgTe quantum dots in mouse model.

Near infrared CdHgTe quantum dots (QDs) acted as biomarker for in vivo imaging were synthesized in aqueous solution. The size and the fluorescence wavelength of the synthesized quantum dots can be arbitrary manipulated by using different refluxing time. In particular, the fluorescence wavelength was extended to near infrared range (700 approximately 900 nm), which make the in vivo imaging possible. Meanwhile, the characteristics, such as morphology, size, spectra, stability and toxicity were investigated. The dynamic bio-distribution, clearance from blood, liver and intestine in living animal

Fluorescent "on-off-on" switching sensor based on CdTe quantum dots coupled with multiwalled carbon nanotubes@graphene oxide nanoribbons for simultaneous monitoring of dual foreign DNAs in transgenic soybean.

With the increasing concern of potential health and environmental risk, it is essential to develop reliable methods for transgenic soybean detection. Herein, a simple, sensitive and selective assay was constructed based on homogeneous fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between CdTe quantum dots (QDs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes@graphene oxide nanoribbons (MWCNTs@GONRs) to form the fluorescent "on-off-on" switching for simultaneous monitoring dual target DNAs of promoter cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (P35s) and terminator nopaline synthase (TNOS) from transgenic soybean. The capt