Результаты поиска

An overview of the effect of weight loss on cardiovascular autonomic function.

The prevalence of obesity is rising to epidemic proportions in many countries worldwide. Obesity seriously increases an individual's risk of … conditions such as insulin, glucose, leptin, adiponectin and free fatty acids have an affect on the autonomic nervous system. Autonomic disturbances, however, appear to be reversible with weight reduction. Since autonomic imbalance is a marker of adverse risk, improvement obtained from weight loss should be beneficial for the health of individuals with obesity and diabete …

[Neurologic side-effects of pharmacologic corticoid therapy].

Many side effects of steroid treatment have been reported. Even experienced neurologists may not know all important side effects to the nervous system. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction, psychosis and myopathy are more frequently encountered than dependency, reversible dementia, brain atrophy and benign intracranial hypertension. This review describes symptomatology, pathogenesis and treatment of these steroid-induced side effects.

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after acquired brain injury: a review of diagnostic criteria.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the development and usage of diagnostic criteria for paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) following acquired brain injury (ABI), then comparatively analyse published criteria. RESEARCH DESIGN: Systematic literature review. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Literature published in English language prior to 30 November 2008 was reviewed for dysautonomic syndromes following ABI, characterized by simultaneous paroxysmal autonomic hyperactivity and motor over-activity. MAIN OUTCOME AND RESULTS: Sixty papers presenting 349 cases of PSH were identified, with a further 21

Anhidrosis in multiple system atrophy: a preganglionic sudomotor dysfunction?

Anhidrosis occurs in the majority of multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients but the underlying site of lesion is not well established. We describe three patients with long-standing MSA and anhidrosis diagnosed on the basis of a thermoregulatory sweating test. In biopsies of anhidrotic skin, immunofluorescence analysis disclosed a well preserved postganglionic sudomotor innervation in all three patients supporting the hypothesis of a preganglionic nerve fiber lesion underlying their anhidrosis. Postganglionic sudomotor fiber integrity was also confirmed by normal electrodermal responses in one

Diabetic autonomic neuropathy and the heart.

This brief review summarises the relationship between autonomic nerve damage, diabetes, and the heart. Clinical aspects of cardiac autonomic involvement are first considered, then the evidence, both direct and indirect, for cardiac autonomic nerve involvement is reviewed. This evidence includes studies of heart rate, cardiovascular reflexes, heart rate variability, QT interval length, cardiac function, pathological studies, and cardiac scintiscanning. Brief consideration is given to the relation with other aspects of diabetes and treatment to prevent or reverse autonomic damage. Potential futu

Heart Rate Variability as a Tell-Tale Marker of Pain-Related Autonomic Dysfunction in Chronic Pancreatitis.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic pain causes an imbalance of autonomic function, often indicated by reductions in parasympathetic heart rate variability (HRV) indices. This study aimed to investigate HRV measures among patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP), and healthy controls (HCs), and the influence of diabetes on these parameters. METHODS: HRV measures, which are time- and frequency-derived noninvasive measures of autonomic function, were obtained from the electrocardiography (ECG) recordings. Moreover, deceleration capacity and periodic repolarization dynamics were assessed as measures of parasym

Heart rate variability and vibration perception threshold to assess chemotherapy-induced neuropathy in women with breast cancer - a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: It is well known that breast cancer (BC) patients often suffer from chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). However, it is not always recognized that they have higher risk of falling, dizziness and other signs of dysfunctional autonomous nervous system. We performed a systematic review of the literature on vibration perception threshold (VPT) and heart rate variability (HRV) as methods to objectively assess (CIPN) in BC-patients. Could VPT and HRV describe coexisting sensory and autonomic nerve damage? MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed was searched in September 2019. The in

[Evaluation of sudomotor function].

From the aspect of physiological roles, sweating on the hairy skin is an important for thermoregulation of body, and that on glabrous skin (the palm or sole) works as an anti-skid material when gripping something or performing a delicate task using the fingertips (emotional sweating). Abnormal sweating, which can be global or localized, is classified into hyperhidrosis and hypohidrosis, and detection of abnormal sweating, such as Horner's syndrome and Harlequin syndrome, is clinically useful for regional diagnosis of neurological lesions. In addition, sudomotor function tests, where sweat secr

Dysautonomia in Parkinson disease.

Dysautonomias are conditions in which altered function of one or more components of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) adversely affects health. This review updates knowledge about dysautonomia in Parkinson disease (PD). Most PD patients have symptoms or signs of dysautonomia; occasionally, the abnormalities dominate the clinical picture. Components of the ANS include the sympathetic noradrenergic system (SNS), the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), the sympathetic cholinergic system (SCS), the sympathetic adrenomedullary system (SAS), and the enteric nervous system (ENS). Dysfunction of ea…

Polyvagal Theory and Neonatal Sleep: A Review of Autonomic Regulation and Implications for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal sleep is critical for brain maturation and autonomic nervous system regulation. Disruptions in sleep patterns and vagal tone may contribute to the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). METHODS: This narrative review summarizes current evidence on the relationship between neonatal sleep states, autonomic nervous system maturation and polyvagal theory. RESULTS: Studies suggest that vagal activity modulates neonatal sleep states, with implications for both emotional and physiological development. Premature infants may display immature vagal pathways, increasing their…

A review of cardiac autonomics: from pathophysiology to therapy.

The effective management of cardiovascular diseases requires knowledge of intrinsic and extrinsic innervation of the heart and an understanding of how perturbations of said components affect cardiac function. The innate cardiac conduction system, which begins with cardiac pacemaker cells and terminates with subendocardial Purkinje fibers, is modulated by said systems. The intrinsic component of the cardiac autonomic nervous system, which remains incompletely elucidated, consists of intracardiac ganglia and interconnecting neurons that tightly regulate cardiac electrical activity. Extrinsic com…

Neuroimmune Interactions in the Gut and Their Significance for Intestinal Immunity.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have a complex, multifactorial pathophysiology with an unmet need for effective treatment. This calls for novel strategies to improve disease outcome and quality of life for patients. Increasing evidence suggests that autonomic nerves and neurotransmitters, as well as neuropeptides, modulate the intestinal immune system, and thereby regulate the intestinal inflammatory processes. Although the autonomic nervous system is classically divided in a sympathetic and parasympathetic branch, both play a pivotal role in the crosstalk with the immune system, with the en…

Denervation or stimulation? Role of sympatho-vagal imbalance in HFpEF with hypertension.

Heart failure (HF) in the elderly is an increasingly large and complex problem in modern society. Notably, the cause of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is multifactorial and its pathophysiology is not fully understood. Among these, hypertension has emerged as a pivotal factor in the pathophysiology and therapeutic targets of HFpEF. Neuronal elements distributed throughout the cardiac autonomic nervous system, from the level of the central autonomic network including the insular cortex to the intrinsic cardiac nervous system, regulate the human cardiovascular system. Specifically, i…

The pathomechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the most frequent neurodegenerative disorders, is a progressive multi-organ proteinopathy caused by misfolded α-synuclein (αSyn) with variegated motor and nonmotor deficits owing to a spreading process of synaptic and neuronal loss in the nervous system. The motor core deficits of PD including rigidity, akinesia, rest tremor, and postural instability are attributed to the loss of dopaminergic nigrostriatal system, while the nonmotor alterations, such as hyposmia, autonomic and other dysfunctions frequently antedating motor symptoms are linked to widespread dist

[Thermoregulatory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease].

Thermoregulatory dysfunction is considered to be the least investigated among all the autonomic disorders in Parkinson disease. Pathophysiological mechanisms of this phenomena involve as central, as peripheric parts of nervous system. Dopamine deficiency in combination with peripheric autonomic dysfunction leads to temperature balance disturbance, which may be expressed by various clinical symptoms. Dopaminergic innervation of preoptic-anterior hypothalamus area plays a crucial role in thermoregulation function of central nervous system. Current thermoregulatory tests give possibility not only

Learning and memorization impairment in childhood chronic fatigue syndrome manifesting as school phobia in Japan.

For the last 15 years, we have tried to understand the pathophysiology of childhood chronic fatigue syndrome (CCFS) in Japan. In this condition, two major symptoms are important: easy fatigability and disturbed learning and memorization. In CCFS patients we clinically evaluated autonomic nervous system function, circadian rhythm of hormonal secretion (melatonin, cortisol and 3-endorphin), core body temperature, and sleep-wake pattern. Most patients showed autonomic nervous system dysfunction and circadian rhythm disturbances, similar to those observed in jet lag. Radiological imaging studies (…

Ось сердечного мозга в эпоху искусственного интеллекта: интеграция старых и новых знаний в новые цели и инновационные нейро- и кардиотерапии.

Ось сердечного мозга (HBA) представляет собой динамичную систему взаимного общения между сердечно-сосудистой и центральной нервной системами, включающую нейронные, иммунологические, молекулярные и гормональные пути. Центральная автономическая сеть описывается как ключевой регулятор сердечно-сосудистой деятельности и автономной дисфункции как важный механизм, лежащий в основе различных неврологических и сердечных расстройств. Изменчивость сердечника (HRV) определяется в качестве ключевого биомаркера оси, отражающего балансы автономной нервной системы. Более глубокое понимание его молекулярных м

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The heart-brain axis (HBA) is a dynamic system of reciprocal communication between the cardiovascular and central nervous system, incorporat … c disorders. Heart rate variability (HRV) is identified as the key biomarker of the axis reflecting autonomic nervous system balance. Increased understanding of its molecular mechanisms has led to the proposal of new therapeutic strategies focused on modulating heart-brain communication including β-blockers, vagus nerve stimulation, neurotrophin modulation, and nanopartic …

Linking stress to inflammation.

There is ample evidence for the influence of central nervous system modulation through inflammatory cellular reactions under psychosocial stress. These inflammatory reflexes might be of major influence not only for metabolic and vascular disease but also for many autoimmune diseases for which stress has been reported as a risk factor. In prospective trials on the influence of risk factors for the occurrence of cardiovascular events, both psychosocial stress and autonomic nervous control of the cardiovascular system were shown to have a major impact on event rates. The underlying cause of these

Non-invasive assessment of cardioregulatory autonomic functions in children with epilepsy.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the interictal cardiovascular autonomic functions in pediatric patients with idiopathic epilepsy, both partial and generalized. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 25 patients with idiopathic epilepsy and 50 control subjects. Patients underwent five standardized clinical cardiovascular reflex autonomic tests [resting heart rate (HR), HR response to deep breathing and to Valsalva maneuver, the 30:15 ratio of HR response to standing, and blood pressure response to standing], as well as a 12 lead surface electrocardiogram. Heart rate variability (HRV) was t

Impact of low-level prenatal alcohol exposure and maternal stress on autonomic regulation.

BACKGROUND: Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) impacts the neurodevelopment of the fetus, including the infant's ability to self-regulate. Heart rate variability (HRV), that is, the beat-to-beat variability in heart rate, is a non-invasive measurement that can indicate autonomic nervous system (ANS) function/dysfunction. METHODS: The study consisted of a subset of our ENRICH-2 cohort: 80 participants (32 PAE and 48 Controls) who had completed three visits during pregnancy. The participants completed a comprehensive assessment of PAE and other substances throughout pregnancy and assessments for s…