Результаты поиска

Elevated levels of circulating DNA and chromatin are independently associated with severe coronary atherosclerosis and a prothrombotic state.

OBJECTIVE: Aberrant neutrophil activation occurs during the advanced stages of atherosclerosis. Once primed, neutrophils can undergo apoptosis or release neutrophil extracellular traps. This extracellular DNA exerts potent proinflammatory, prothrombotic, and cytotoxic properties. The goal of this study was to examine the relationships among extracellular DNA formation, coronary atherosclerosis, and the presence of a prothrombotic state. APPROACH AND RESULTS: In a prospective, observational, cross-sectional cohort of 282 individuals with suspected coronary artery disease, we examined the sever…

NEUTROPHIL TRAPS AS AN IMMUNE RESPONSE MECANISM IN PETIENTS WITH EROSIVE DISEASES OF THE UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.

To optimize the methods for determining neutrophil extracellular traps in peripheral blood and studying their level in the norm and in patients with candidiasis with inflammatory and erosive diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract on the basis of the Institute of Gastroenterology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences and Clinical Association of Emergency Medicine, Dnipro, Ukraine, in 2019-2021. 42 patients with candidiasis with inflammatory and erosive diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract were examined, including 10 women and 32 men aged 35-56 years, who made up the main gro…

Distinct functions of eosinophils in severe asthma with type 2 phenotype: clinical implications.

Asthma is commonly recognized as a heterogeneous condition with a complex pathophysiology. With advances in the development of multiple medi … rity by producing various mediators including cytokines, chemokines and granule proteins. Moreover, extracellular traps released from eosinophils have been revealed to enhance type 2 inflammation in patients with severe asthma. These novel molecules have the ability to induce airway inf lammation and hyperresponsiveness through enhancing innate and type 2 immune resp …

Role of NETs in the difference in host susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii between sheep and cattle.

The main aim of this study was to compare extracellular traps (NETs) formation by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) of cattle and sheep when exposed to T. gondii tachyzoites in vitro. The effects of parasite concentrations and different incubation periods on NETs development in cattle and sheep PMNs were studied. The effect of NET structures on host cell invasion by tachyzoites was also studied. This is the first report of NETs development by sheep and cattle PMNs against T. gondii in vitro. T. gondii-induced extracellular DNA production from PMNs was dependent on tachyzoite concentrations …

Cancer Cell-Derived Large Extracellular Vesicles Promote Venous Thromboembolism by Activating NETosis Through Delivering CYBA.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the second-leading cause of cancer-associated mortality. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation (i.e., NETosis) is a crucial process in forming VTE in cancer patients. Nevertheless, how cancer cells contribute to NETosis remains unclear. This study investigated the potential activation effects of cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (CC-EVs) on neutrophils. Both small and large EVs (sEVs and lEVs) released from cancer cells are found to significantly induce NETosis in neutrophil-like HL-60 (dHL-60) cells. Following an in-depth exploration of EV-induced NE

The Paradox of NET Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), namely Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are defined by chronic, non-resolving inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. Neutrophils are the first responders in inflammation, executing various effector functions, including chemotaxis, phagocytosis, degranulation and the release of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Amongst all neutrophil functions, emerging evidence increasingly suggests that NET release may be particularly relevant in underpinning the pathogenesis of IBD. NETs are extracellular str…

The role of neutrophils in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases.

OBJECTIVES: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses a spectrum of chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, with a potential bid … pair through the release of proteolytic enzymes, reactive oxygen species, cytokines, and neutrophil extracellular traps. Recent advances in analytical technologies have uncovered remarkable phenotypic and functional diversity, shaped by the local microenvironment within the intestinal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: Neutrophils' ability to both exacerbate mucosal damage and fa …

A review of the mechanisms linking Th2 immune storm to NETosis through neutrophil glycolytic activation.

The core metabolic mode of neutrophils is ATP generation, dominated by glycolysis, which is tailored to meet their demands for rapid response and short-term survival. The Th2 immune storm drives neutrophil metabolic reprogramming through inflammatory cytokines and hypoxia signals, leading to a burst in glycolysis (a "Warburg-like" state). This results in the upregulation of key rate-limiting enzymes, including Hexokinase 2 (HK2), Lactate Dehydrogenase A (LDHA), and Pyruvate Kinase M2 (PKM2), as well as lactate accumulation. Glycolysis induces the release of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs…

Neutrophils: Linking Inflammation to Thrombosis and Unlocking New Treatment Horizons.

Neutrophils play a key role in inflammatory responses and thrombosis, but their complex interactions in disease pathogenesis are not fully understood. This review examines the multifaceted roles of neutrophils, focusing on their activation, cytokine release, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which contribute to host defense and thrombosis. We discuss the interaction between inflammation and coagulation, the direct effect of neutrophils on thrombus stability, and their involvement in pathological thrombotic diseases. The therapeutic potential of neutrophil drug loading in …

The Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Networks in Cardiovascular Pathology.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are increasingly being defined not only in terms of metabolic or purely vascular disorders, but also as complex immunometabolic disorders. One of the most groundbreaking discoveries in recent years is the role of neutrophil extracellular networks (NETs/NENs) as a key link between chronic vascular wall inflammation and thrombotic processes. In this article, we present a synthetic overview of the latest data on the biology of NETs/NENs and their impact on the development of atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and the mechanisms of immunothrombosis. We highlig

Neutrophils and cancer immunotherapy: Potential mechanisms and challenges in breast cancer - a narrative review.

Neutrophils, the most abundant white blood cells in circulation, are gaining recognition for their intricate roles in cancer biology, partic … trophils for therapeutic purposes in breast cancer immunotherapy. Key mechanisms such as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and immune modulation by TANs are central to their role in breast cancer. NETs contribute to cancer metastasis by facilitating tumor cell adhesion and immune evasion, while TANs can suppress cytotoxic T-cell activity through the release of im …

NETs: a new target for autoimmune disease.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are reticular fiber structures released by neutrophils in response to various stimuli. Although NETs have antibacterial defense functions, their excessive formation has been proven to accelerate the progression of autoimmune diseases. Increasing studies have shown that NETs play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The pathogenesis of recent advances in autoimmune disease research, with a focus on the role of NETs in the etiology and pathogenesis of these disorders, and summarizes the current treatment strategies targeting NETs, ai…

Нейтрофилы, НЕТ и множественный склероз: мини-обзор.

Множественный склероз (MS), хроническое аутоиммунное и дегенеративное заболевание, характеризующееся активацией различных провокационных клеток, приводит к обезвоживанию и нейрональным травмам. Нейтрофилы, которые часто недооцениваются в MS, получают все большее внимание за свои важные функции у пациентов MS и экспериментальную аутоиммунную энцефаломиелитную модель (EAE). Нейтрофилы играют многообразную роль в посредничестве патогенеза аутоиммунных заболеваний, и многочисленные исследования свидетельствуют о том, что нейтрофилы могут играть решающую роль благодаря образованию нейтрофильной вне

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Additionally, these cells also utilize a lytic form of programmed cell death, leading to the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) ( 5 ). … An other recent study revealed that BTK inhibitors (evobrutinib, fenebrutinib, and tolebrutinib) reduce release of neutrophil extracellular traps and neutrophil activation ( 95 ). …

Factors affecting neutrophil functions during sepsis: human microbiome and epigenetics.

Sepsis is a severe disease that occurs when the body's immune system reacts excessively to infection. The body's response, which includes an intense antibacterial reaction, can damage its tissues and organs. Neutrophils are the major components of white blood cells in circulation, play a vital role in innate immunity while fighting against infections, and are considered a feature determining sepsis classification. There is a plethora of basic research detailing neutrophil functioning, among which, the study of neutrophil extracellular traps is providing novel insights into mechanisms and treat…

Prospects of neutrophilic implications against pathobiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Pharmacological insights and technological advances.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition that affects the lungs globally. A key feature of this inflammatory response is the migration and aggregation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). The presence of neutrophilic inflammation within the airways is as distinguishing characteristic of COPD. As research advances, PMNs and their products emerge as central players in the airway inflammatory cascade of COPD patients. Their involvement in phagocytosis, degranulation, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) significantly cont…

The Role of Neutrophils in Lower Limb Peripheral Artery Disease: State of the Art and Future Perspectives.

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the role of neutrophils in cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) with evidence supporting their role in the initiation, progression, and rupture of atherosclerotic plaque. Although these cells have long been considered as terminally differentiated cells with a relatively limited spectrum of action, recent research has revealed intriguing novel cellular functions, including neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) generation and inflammasome activation, which have been linked to several human diseases, including CVD. While most research to date has

Moonlighting chromatin: when DNA escapes nuclear control.

Extracellular chromatin, for example in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), is an important element that propels the pathological progression of a plethora of diseases. DNA drives the interferon system, serves as autoantigen, and forms the extracellular scaffold for proteins of the innate immune system. An insufficient clearance of extruded chromatin after the release of DNA from the nucleus into the extracellular milieu can perform a secret task of moonlighting in immune-inflammatory and occlusive disorders. Here, we discuss (I) the cellular events involved in the extracellular…

A Brief Overview of Neutrophils in Neurological Diseases.

Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocyte in circulation and are the first line of defense after an infection or injury. Neutrophils have a broad spectrum of functions, including phagocytosis of microorganisms, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, oxidative burst, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Traditionally, neutrophils were thought to be most important for acute inflammatory responses, with a short half-life and a more static response to infections and injury. However, this view has changed in recent years showing neutrophil heterogeneity and dyna…

NET Proteome in Established Type 1 Diabetes Is Enriched in Metabolic Proteins.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a T-cell-mediated destruction of the pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells. A growing body of evidence suggests that abnormalities in neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation (NETosis) are associated with T1D pathophysiology. However, little information is available on whether these changes are primary neutrophil defects or related to the environmental signals encountered during active disease. METHODS: In the present work, the NET proteome (NETome) of phorbol 12-myristate 13-ace

Neutrophil-vascular interactions drive myeloperoxidase accumulation in the brain in Alzheimer's disease.

INTRODUCTION: Neutrophil accumulation is a well-established feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and has been linked to cognitive impairment … ng neutrophils and deposits of MPO around plaques. Citrullinated histone H3, a marker of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), was also detected in human AD cases at these sites, indicating the presence of extracellular MPO in the vasculature. Finally, there was a reduction in the endothelial glycocalyx in AD that may be responsible for non-productive neutrophil adh …