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Vulnerability to HIV infection among female drug users in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Women who use drugs are extremely vulnerable to HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but studies on risk behaviours and HIV infection among female drug users are limited in Nepal. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study conducted between September 2010 and May 2011, HIV prevalence and risk factors for HIV infection were investigated among female drug users recruited in drop-in centres, parks and streets in the Kathmandu Valley. The participants completed face-to-face interviews for a structured questionnaire, HIV pre-test counselling, specimen collection for HIV test and…

Clinical characteristics and early postoperative outcomes of pediatric cataract surgery with IOL implantation from Lahan, Nepal.

PURPOSE: To report clinical characteristics and early postoperative outcomes of pediatric cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation from Lahan, Nepal. METHODS: Demographics and surgical, preoperative, and postoperative clinical characteristics data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Of 2,633 eyes with primary IOL implantation, 2,003 eyes were in the non-traumatic group, whereas 630 eyes were from trauma. Median age at surgery was 7 and 9 years in the non-traumatic and traumatic groups, respectively. Boys comprised 74.2% of the non-traumatic and 85.4% of the traumatic catar…

Visceral leishmaniasis elimination programme in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal: reshaping the case finding/case management strategy.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to estimate visceral leishmaniasis (VL) burden in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal and document care-seeking behaviour for VL to provide baseline information for monitoring the VL elimination program and identify options for improved case finding and management. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study using cluster sampling (clusters being villages) of 4 VL endemic districts was used in order to document all current and existing VL cases over the preceding 12 mo. Extended (in-depth) interviews were conducted in a subsample of households to explore (a) VL-related knowledge, attitudes,…

Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy--retrospective interventional case series from a tertiary care center in eastern Nepal.

To report the demography, nature of insult and ocular characteristics in patients presenting with indirect traumatic optic neuropathy and to evaluate the visual outcome with mega dose methylprednisolone therapy. Retrospective hospital data analysis of all patients admitted with indirect traumatic optic neuropathy and treated with mega dose methylprednisolone therapy in the last three years was conducted. Nine patients (M:F= 8:1) were identified with unilateral optic nerve injury. Road traffic injury was the most common cause of injury. Lid ecchymosis and swelling on the same side was the most

Predicting the Habitat Suitability for Endangered Tree Species Pterocarpus marsupium in Nepal, Using Ensemble Species Distribution Models.

Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb., locally known as Bijaysal, is a high-value tropical deciduous tree with a restricted and fragmented distribution in Nepal. We integrated 129 spatially occurring records with climatic, anthropogenic, edaphic, and topographic variables in an ensemble species distribution modeling framework (biomod2) to project current and future (2050s and 2090s) habitat suitability under four shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) scenarios. Minimum temperature of the coldest month and precipitation seasonality were the dominant climatic drivers, followed by soil organic carbon, bulk d…

Biochemical composition and demographic distribution of kidney stones: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in Eastern Nepal.

BACKGROUND: Nephrolithiasis is a major urological condition globally, with an increasing prevalence linked to shifting dietary patterns and climatic changes. In Nepal, the growing number of kidney stone cases presents a substantial challenge to the healthcare system. Understanding the chemical nature of these stones and their relationship with demographic factors and systemic biochemical markers is essential for developing effective localized clinical management and prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the biochemical composition of kidney stones and evaluate their dem…

In-situ depth-resolved gamma spectrometry of natural radionuclides in central Nepal: Radiological assessment across Himalayan formations.

Potassium-dominated elevated natural radiation environments are exceptionally rare globally, with documented high background radiation areas typically being thorium-dominated (Kerala, India; Guarapari, Brazil) or uranium-dominated (Ramsar, Iran). This study characterizes such an environment in the Himalayan region within the Markhu Formation of central Nepal and establishes the first depth-resolved radionuclide baseline across eight geological formations from Kathmandu to Hetauda. In-situ gamma ray spectrometry at 10 cm intervals to 50 cm depth was used to quantify 40K, 238U, and 232Th distrib…

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Elderly Abuse and Health Problems Among Elderly People of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.

BACKGROUND: The global population of older adults is expanding in developing nations. According to the WHO, elder abuse is defined as "a sin … uals aged 60 years and above. The study was conducted among participants from the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. The sample size was 385 with a prevalence of 50.3%. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select the sample. The first household was chosen randomly, and subsequent households were selected using the calculated sampling interval. RESULTS …

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Blackbuck (Antelope cervicapra Linnaeus, 1758) of Blackbuck Conservation Area, Khairapur, Bardia, Nepal.

BACKGROUND: Blackbuck is a species of antelope native to the Indian subcontinent. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, diversity, and concurrency of gastrointestinal parasites in the blackbuck population of the Blackbuck Conservation Area in Nepal. METHODS: A total of 150 blackbuck faecal samples were collected and examined using the iodine wet mount and concentration technique. RESULTS: The findings showed that gastrointestinal parasites were prevalent in 96% of the population, with a higher frequency in females than males. There was no significant statistical association between…

Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Marginalized Populations: Prevalence and Risk Factors Among the Bantar Community of Sunsari, Nepal.

BACKGROUND: Nepal continues to exhibit a high burden of intestinal parasite infections (IPIs). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of IPIs among the indigenous Bantar community in Koshi Rural Municipality, Sunsari, Nepal. METHODS: A total of 180 individuals aged 10-70 years were selected through convenience sampling. Stool samples were preserved in 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. Information on demographic and behavioral characteristics was gathered using a structured questionnaire. Three diagnostics techniques (direct wet mount, saturated salt flotati…

Quality of Life Among Hemodialysis Patients Attending Dialysis Centers in Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Kidney failure significantly impacts patients' quality of life (QoL), posing a public health concern due to its effects on well-being, satisfaction, and the increased demand for social and healthcare services. Understanding QoL determinants is critical for improving patient outcomes. Aim. This study assessed the QoL of kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis in Pokhara Metropolitan City, Nepal. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 among 132 kidney failure patients attending dialysis centers in Pokhara. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews a…

Self-perceived stress and associated factors among preclinical science students in a medical college in Central Nepal.

BACKGROUND: Self-perceived stress is a common problem among university participants with relatively high-stress levels. This study aimed to determine perceived stress levels and associated factors among preclinical participants at a medical college in Central Nepal. METHODS: This study employed an analytical cross-sectional design. The participants were first- and second-year MBBS students studying in the second, third, and fourth semesters at the preclinical science premises of Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavrepalanchok, Nepal. The Perceived Stress Scale was u…

Women wash practices and household diarrhea among rural indigenous Kumal community of Nepal: a cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) is crucial for public health. However, women and marginalized communities in Nepal continue to face significant barriers. The Kumal community, a marginalized indigenous group traditionally known for pottery, experiences a disproportionate burden of preventable diseases like diarrhea. Due to geographical isolation, cultural practices, and limited resources, women have greater health, social, and economic impacts from inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene services. Therefore, this study aims to assess WASH practices among wom…

Clinical spectrum of wild (mad) honey poisoning: a case series from a tertiary care center in Nepal.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Wild (mad) honey poisoning is caused by grayanotoxins, naturally occurring neurotoxins found in the nectar of certain Rhododendron species native to mountainous regions of Nepal, India, Bhutan, and Turkey. While typically associated with hypotension and bradycardia, wild honey ingestion may also lead to anaphylactic reactions. This case series presents ten patients who developed varying degrees of toxicity following the ingestion of wild honey. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe ten cases that presented to the emergency department with symptoms following wild (mad) ho…

Caught by Whole-Exome Sequencing: Hemoglobin Sun Prairie in a Patient With Unexplained Hemolytic Anemia From Nepal.

BACKGROUND: Unstable hemoglobin leading to chronic hemolysis is a rare yet an important cause of hemolytic anemia and can be easily missed if not thought of during evaluation. Hemoglobin Sun Prairie is an extremely rare α-globin mutation associated with hemolytic anemia. CASE: We report a 22-year-old female from Nepal who presented with easy fatigability and jaundice since her childhood with worsening of symptoms for 2 months. Examination revealed pallor, icterus, and splenomegaly. Investigation showed anemia with low mean cell volume (MCV), reticulocytosis, indirect hyperbilirubinemia, and r…

Alternative healthcare delivery arrangements in Nepal: a systematic review of comparative effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness studies.

BACKGROUND: The way that healthcare services are organised and delivered (termed 'healthcare delivery arrangements') is a key aspect of a health system. Changing the way health care is delivered, for example, task shifting that delivers the same care at lower cost, may be one way of improving healthcare system sustainability. We synthesised the existing randomised trial evidence to compare the effects of alternative healthcare delivery arrangements versus usual care in Nepal. METHODS: For eligible studies published since 2005, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Scopus, the WHO clin…

Concurrence of abdominal wall desmoid tumor with uterine sub-serosal fibroid: A rare case report from Nepal.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Abdominal wall desmoid tumors are rare within itself, and its concurrence with uterine sub-serosal fibroid and management in a single setting is not reported. The incidence of desmoid tumors is 2-5 cases per million. CASE PRESENTATION: A 50-year-old normally menstruating woman presented with insidious onset, dull aching abdominal pain for two and a half months. A bulge was seen, and a mass of 31 × 38 cm with an irregular margin and firm consistency was found on palpation. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a heterogenous lesion measuring 23.2 × 22.5 × 8.5

Service readiness of primary healthcare facilities for dengue management in Bagmati Province, Nepal: a mixed method study.

BACKGROUND: In Nepal, frequent dengue outbreaks have been reported in the past decades leading abrupt and substantial burden to healthcare system. Thus, this study aimed to assess dengue service readiness and factors influencing readiness at health facilities level. METHODS: A convergent parallel mixed method study was conducted in 131 primary healthcare facilities of the Bagmati Province. Key informant interviews were carried out for exploring facilitators and barriers for dengue service readiness. RESULTS: The majority of primary healthcare facilities were found with sub-optimal readiness …

Пространственная автокорреляция экологических факторов, влияющих на вспышки денге, с использованием исследования по Непалу " Моран I " (2020 - 2023 годы).

БОЛЕЕ: лихорадка Денге - вирусная инфекция, переносимая комарами, вызванная вирусом денге, - стала серьезной проблемой для здоровья населения во всем мире, особенно в тропических и субтропических районах. В последние годы в Непале наблюдается стремительная эскалация случаев заболевания денге, причем в 2022 году было зарегистрировано наибольшее число таких случаев и случаев гибели людей. ЦЕЛИ: В настоящем исследовании анализируется пространственное распределение денге в Непале в период с 2020 по 2023 год с использованием пространственной статистики Морана I для изучения взаимосвязи между эколог

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral infection caused by the dengue virus, has become a significant global public health concern, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Nepal, with its diverse geography and climate, has witnessed a rapid escalation in dengue cases in recent years, with the highest number of cases and fatalities reported …

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Leptospira Hardjo among commercial dairy cattle farms of Rupandehi district, Nepal.

BACKGROUND: Nepal relies on an agrarian-based economy, with the livestock sector contributing significantly to the national GDP. However, diseases like leptospirosis negatively impact cattle production and pose significant zoonotic risks. This study represents the first attempt to evaluate the risk factors of leptospirosis in cattle in Nepal. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to April 2020 in 14 administrative units of the Rupandehi district. A total of 367 blood samples were collected from 206 cattle farms using a proportionate sampling procedure. An indirect ELISA was use…