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Management of Calvarial Osteoradionecrosis After Treatment of Cutaneous Malignancy: A Systematic Review.

ObjectiveOsteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a recognized complication of radiotherapy. However, calvarial ORN (ORNC) following treatment for cutaneous malignancies is poorly understood. Shedding light on the limited evidence to date, this study aims to summarize existing evidence and highlight the research gaps.Data sourcesPubMed and Embase.Review methodsA systematic search of PubMed and Embase was conducted up to May 2024, using relevant keywords to identify papers on ORNC. Data on the definition, incidence, risk factors, radiotherapy parameters, diagnostic methods, and management strategies were co

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… management, including antibiotics with regular wound dressing, is often used to treat early or mild disease and has a disease resolution rate of 0% to 44%. 46 , 47 , 48 HBOT has shown controversial effectiveness, with numerous studies both supporting and opposing its use. 49 , 50 , 51 A combination of pentoxifylline …

A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Nifuroxazide in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.

BACKGROUND: The therapeutic potential of nifuroxazide in colitis has been explored in several experimental studies of ulcerative colitis (UC). AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of nifuroxazide in patients with UC. METHODS: Fifty patients with mild to moderate UC were randomly assigned into two groups (n = 25 each). The placebo group received a placebo alongside mesalamine (1 g three times daily [t.i.d.]) for six months. The nifuroxazide group received nifuroxazide (200 mg twice daily) in combination with mesalamine (1 g t.i.d). A gastroenterologist assessed disease severity using the partial May

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… Studies have demonstrated that atorvastatin, pentoxifylline, fenofibrate, and metformin exert a protective effect on the colon and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of mesalamine. 9 , 39 , 43 , 44 These findings help highlight the potential benefits of nifuroxazide in reducing the PMS, lowering bleeding …

Evaluation of the Effect of Loratadine versus Diosmin/Hesperidin Combination on Vinca Alkaloids-Induced Neuropathy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Neurological injury is a crucial problem that interferes with the therapeutic use of vinca alkaloids as well as the quality of patient life. This study was conducted to assess the impact of using loratadine or diosmin/hesperidin on neuropathy induced by vinca alkaloids. Patients were randomized into one of three groups as follows: group 1 was the control group, group 2 received 450 mg diosmin and 50 mg hesperidin combination orally twice daily, and group 3 received loratadine 10 mg orally once daily. Subjective scores (numeric pain rating scale, douleur neuropathique 4, and functional assessme

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… Pentoxifylline Ameliorates Mechanical Hyperalgesia in a Rat Model of Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain Pain Physician 2016 19 E589 E600 27228525 39. Karteri S. Bruna J. Argyriou A.A. Mariotto S. Velasco R. Alemany M. Kalofonou F. Alberti P. Dinoto A. Velissaris D. …

Could Local Application of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1-α Enhancer Deferoxamine Be Promising for Preventing of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw?

This experimental study investigates the prophylactic effect of deferoxamine (DFO) on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Thirty-six female Sprague Dawley rats received zoledronic acid (ZA) for eight weeks to create an osteonecrosis model. DFO was locally applied into the extraction sockets with gelatin sponge (GS) carriers to prevent MRONJ. The specimens were histopathologically and histomorphometrically evaluated. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) protein levels in the extraction sockets were quantified. New bone formation rate differed significantly between groups (

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… Preventive Effect of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Pentoxifylline Against Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: An Animal Study. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2017;75:2354–2368. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.04.017. 16. Ylä-Herttuala S., Rissanen T.T., Vajanto I., Hartikainen J. …

Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System

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Radiotherapy-induced oxidative stress and fibrosis in breast cancer are suppressed by vactosertib, a novel, orally bioavailable TGF-β/ALK5 inhibitor.

Radio-resistance resulting from radiotherapy-induced fibrosis is a major clinical obstacle in breast cancer treatment because it typically leads to cancer recurrence, treatment failure, and patient death. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a key signal messenger in fibrosis, which plays an important role in radiation-induced fibrosis and cancer stem cell (CSC) development, may be mediated through the generation of oxidative stress. This study was conducted to confirm the efficacy of vactosertib, a TGF-β/ALK5 inhibitor, as a potent inhibitor in radiation-induced oxidative stress generation

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… Kaidar-Person O Marks LB Jones EL Pentoxifylline and vitamin E for treatment or prevention of radiation-induced fibrosis in patients with breast cancer Breast J. 2018 24 5 816 819 10.1111/tbj.13044 29687536 34. Barcellos-Hoff, M.H. The radiobiology of TGFβ. …

Therapeutic Approaches for HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: Current and Emerging Strategies.

Human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the spinal cord induced by immunological activation due to high HTLV-1 proviral load in the peripheral blood. HAM/TSP is representative of HTLV-1-related inflammatory diseases, and its main neurological symptoms-namely, motor dysfunction of the lower extremities through spastic paraparesis with urinary disturbance-are progressive and lead to deterioration in the quality of life of patients once these dysfunctions develop. Therefore, novel and safe therapeutic

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… Pentoxifylline 6. High-dose intravenous gamma globulin 7. Intermittent high-dose Vitamin C 8. Erythromycin 9. Fosfomycin 10. Fermented milk drink 11. Hu-Mikβ1(anti-IL-2/IL-15 receptor β chain Ab) 12. Teriflunomide 13. Danazol 14. …

Diabetes mellitus and the skin.

Several dermatoses are routinely associated with diabetes mellitus, especially in patients with chronic disease. This relationship can be easily proven in some skin disorders, but it is not so clear in others. Dermatoses such necrobiosis lipoidica, granuloma annulare, acanthosis nigricans and others are discussed in this text, with an emphasis on proven link with the diabetes or not, disease identification and treatment strategy used to control those dermatoses and diabetes.

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… The mediators of fibroblast activation are still unknown. 40 Although disappointing response to treatment, various therapeutic modalities are used: immunosuppressants (e.g. cyclosporine and methotrexate), pentoxifylline, prostaglandin E1, intravenous immunoglobulin, penicillamine, antibiotics, systemic …

Applied information retrieval and multidisciplinary research: new mechanistic hypotheses in complex regional pain syndrome.

BackgroundCollaborative efforts of physicians and basic scientists are often necessary in the investigation of complex disorders. Difficulties can arise, however, when large amounts of information need to reviewed. Advanced information retrieval can be beneficial in combining and reviewing data obtained from the various scientific fields. In this paper, a team of investigators with varying backgrounds has applied advanced information retrieval methods, in the form of text mining and entity relationship tools, to review the current literature, with the intention to generate new insights into th

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… transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1), Ngfa (nerve growth factor, alpha), BDK (Bradykinin), VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) Small Molecule | glutamate, DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide), PGE2 (Prostaglandin E2), magnesium, noradrenaline, capsaicin, glucocorticoid, mannitol, pentoxifylline …

Best of JACC: Case Reports From ACC.23.

This dedicated issue of JACC: Case Reports highlights the top ranked Complex Clinical Cases from the ACC 2023 Scientific Sessions. These cases were reviewed and selected by a committee of peers in the months leading up to the annual meeting. These reviewers were ACC members with no affiliation to the JACC: Case Reports Editorial Board. While the cases were presented at the meeting and included in the formal Abstract Book from ACC, they have not been published elsewhere. These cases illustrate how the ACC can be a place for cardiovascular professionals to come together to learn, grow, and share

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… He was ultimately transitioned to rivaroxaban, pentoxifylline and aspirin with chylothorax resolution over one month without thrombus recurrence. …

Chronic pruritus: a narrative review.

Chronic pruritus encompasses a manifestation of several cutaneous, allergic, infectious, neurological, psychological, and systemic conditions, whose etiological investigation and therapeutic strategy can be challenging. This comprehensive review aims to enhance the understanding of pruritus by highlighting important elements in its pathogenesis, including keratinocytes, Merkel cells and mast cells, nerve fibers, histaminergic and nonhistaminergic pathways, and the interaction of itch signals with the central nervous system. Diagnostic evaluation of chronic pruritus may require a meticulous app

Phosphodiesterase 7: a potential novel therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Chemoresistance and disease relapses in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) highlight the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we investigated phosphodiesterase 7A (PDE7A) as a potential target in ovarian cancer treatment. METHODS: Gene expression was performed by RNA sequencing data comparing high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) and fallopian tube samples. The PDE7 inhibitor BRL 50481, alone or combined with paclitaxel (PTX), was tested in drug-sensitive A2780 and multi-resistant OVCAR3 cells by Diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. To validate data from the high

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… Phosphodiesterase inhibitor, pentoxifylline enhances anticancer activity of histone deacetylase inhibitor, MS-275 in human breast cancer in vitro and in vivo . Eur. J. Pharmacol. (Internet) 764 , 508 – 519 . 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.048 26209365 Nisr R. B. Shah D. S. Ganley I. G. Hundal H. …

Comprehensive Review of Prevention and Management Strategies for Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ).

PURPOSE: To assess and classify the strategies employed in various dental specialities for the prevention and management of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, acquiring studies sourced from Google Scholar and PubMed. The emphasis was on studies published in recent years, focusing on successful MRONJ prevention techniques across various dental specialties. RESULTS: Four types of prevention were identified. Primary prevention strategies include optimizing oral hygiene, managing dental caries, and extracti

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… contentious, with mechanical wound care showing promising adjunctive benefits in reducing disease persistence and discomfort. 32 Alternative therapies such as ozone therapy and hyperbaric oxygen lack substantial evidence for MRONJ treatment and are not currently recommended. 58 Research on Vitamin E, pentoxifylline …

Inpatient Medicine

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Systematic review of the tools and outcomes for the assessment of acute radiation dermatitis severity.

Acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) is a common adverse effect experienced by patients undergoing radiation therapy. Effective assessment tools to accurately measure and manage ARD's impact on patients' quality of life and treatment outcomes is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diverse tools and outcome measures used in the assessment of ARD. A systematic review of MEDLINE®, Embase, and Cochrane was conducted for records 1946-March 2024. A total of 423 studies, including 227 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), were included in the analysis. The review identified 58 distinct tools

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… Prophylactic effect of pentoxifylline on radiotherapy complications: a clinical study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130(3):351–356. doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2003.08.015. 79. Bayard L.G., Buzon M.C.S., Pain E.A., Calvo E.G., Alvarez E.M. …

Overview of Ayurveda and Ashwagandha: Bioactive Phytochemicals and Potential Applications to Gliomas.

Ayurveda is the traditional medical system of India and has been in use for more than 5000 years. The focus of Ayurveda is to maintain harmony and balance of the three Doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha), or life forces, that govern the physiology and health of each individual. Ashwagandha is considered one of the most useful plants in the Ayurvedic system for various illnesses, including cancer. Ethnopharmacological and phytochemical analyses have been elucidating the bioactive compounds in ashwagandha that mediate the anti-cancer effects. The most bioactive compounds appear to be the withanolides, i

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… Comparative evaluation of the effects of Withania somnifera with pentoxifylline on the sperm paramaters of idiopathic male infertility: A triple-blind randomized clinical trial Andrologia 2018 50 e13041 10.1111/and.13041 29770466 17. Sharma A.K. Basu I. Singh S. …

Radioprotectors & mitigators in radiation therapy: Harnessing diverse pathways for optimizing clinical outcomes.

Radioprotectors are agents that protect normal tissues from the harmful effects of radiation during cancer treatment. Combining these protective agents with advanced radiotherapy techniques such as stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and proton therapy offers a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing normal tissue toxicity. However, despite extensive research and the identification of numerous potential radioprotectors, only a few have made it into clinical practice. It is primarily because the transition from laboratory research to clinical application faces sign

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… Pentoxifylline attenuates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in immature rats. Pediatr Res. 2000;47:73. doi: 10.1203/00006450-200001000-00014. 56. Li ZT, Wang LM, Yi LR, Jia C, Bai F, Peng RJ, et al. …

Pharmaceutical Prevention and Management of Cardiotoxicity in Hematological Malignancies.

Modern treatment modalities in hematology have improved clinical outcomes of patients with hematological malignancies. Nevertheless, many new or conventional anticancer drugs affect the cardiovascular system, resulting in various cardiac disorders, including left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, arterial hypertension, myocardial ischemia, cardiac rhythm disturbances, and QTc prolongation on electrocardiograms. As these complications may jeopardize the significantly improved outcome of modern anticancer therapies, it is crucial to become familiar with all aspects of cardiotoxicity and pr

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… Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidants Agents Anti-inflammatory agents, such as colchicine, dexamethasone, pioglitazone, and non-steroidal inflammatory drugs, as well as antioxidants agents such as pentoxifylline combined with α-tocopherol, melatonin and amifostine, decrease myocardial fibrosis and exert …

The Power of Movement: How Exercise Influences Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.

As the number of cancer patients and survivors increases, we face a rising challenge: the long-term impact of the adverse effects of cancer treatment. One of the known adverse effects is chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), which courses with pain complaints. The treatments of CIPN have reduced efficacy. The neurobiological causes of CIPN have been mainly ascribed to peripheral nerve damage, but recent studies show effects in the brain, namely in the descending pain modulatory systems. Physical exercise seems to be associated with better outcomes in CIPN patients, but the mechani

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… Pentoxifylline Ameliorates Mechanical Hyperalgesia in a Rat Model of Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Pain Physician. 2016;19:E589–E600. 34. Chen L.H., Yeh Y.M., Chen Y.F., Hsu Y.H., Wang H.H., Lin P.C., Chang L.Y., Lin C.K., Chang M.S., Shen M.R. …

Chronic Kidney Disease: Strategies to Retard Progression.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as the presence of irreversible structural or functional kidney damages, increases the risk of poor outcomes due to its association with multiple complications, including altered mineral metabolism, anemia, metabolic acidosis, and increased cardiovascular events. The mainstay of treatments for CKD lies in the prevention of the development and progression of CKD as well as its complications. Due to the heterogeneous origins and the uncertainty in the pathogenesis of CKD, efficacious therapies for CKD remain challenging. In this review, we focus on the follo

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… Effect of Pentoxifylline on Renal Function and Urinary Albumin Excretion in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease: The PREDIAN Trial. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2015;26:220–229. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2014010012. 58. Vogt L., Bangalore S., Fayyad R., Melamed S., Hovingh G.K., DeMicco D.A., Waters D.D. …